in the past year barangay a had an average population of 1655 46 babies were born in that year 2 of whom died less than 4 weeks after they were born t

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ATI Community Health Proctored Exam 2019 Quizlet

1. In the past year, Barangay A had an average population of 1655. There were 46 babies born in that year, 2 of whom died less than 4 weeks after birth, and 4 stillbirths were recorded. What is the neonatal mortality rate?

A. 27.8/1000
B. 43.5/1000
C. 86.9/1000
D. 130.4/1000

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Neonatal mortality rate is calculated by dividing the number of babies who died before reaching the age of 28 days by the total number of live births, then multiplying by 1,000. In this case, 2 babies died within 28 days out of 46 total live births. Therefore, the neonatal mortality rate is (2/46) * 1000 = 43.5/1000.

2. Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?

A. Iron
B. Vitamin C
C. Calcium
D. Folic acid

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Folic acid is a crucial nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy. It plays a vital role in the development of the neural tube in the fetus, reducing the risk of defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume adequate amounts of folic acid, either through diet or supplements, to support a healthy pregnancy and prevent these serious birth defects.

3. Which of the following interventions is an example of tertiary prevention?

A. Vaccination campaigns
B. Health education seminars
C. Physical rehabilitation programs
D. Early disease screening

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving the quality of life for individuals who already have a disease or condition. Physical rehabilitation programs fall under tertiary prevention as they aim to enhance functioning and reduce disability caused by ongoing illness or injury, thus aligning with the goal of tertiary prevention.

4. When preparing a primigravida for breastfeeding, which of the following will you do?

A. Explain that lactation usually begins 1 to 3 days after delivery
B. Teach her nipple stretching exercises if her nipples are flat or inverted
C. Advise against washing her nipples excessively before and after each breastfeeding
D. Inform her that putting the baby to breast can help reduce post-delivery blood loss

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Putting the baby to breast can help reduce post-delivery blood loss as suckling stimulates the release of oxytocin, causing uterine contractions. Lactation typically starts 1 to 3 days after delivery, not immediately. Nipple stretching exercises are recommended for flat or inverted nipples, not everted ones. Excessive washing of the nipples can dry them out, increasing the risk of fissures.

5. What is the purpose of a population pyramid?

A. To show the distribution of income levels
B. To illustrate the age and sex composition of a population
C. To compare the incidence of diseases
D. To display the literacy rates

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A population pyramid is a graphical illustration that shows the age and sex composition of a population. It displays the percentage or number of individuals in different age groups and gender categories. This tool helps in understanding the demographic structure of a population, including aspects such as birth rates, death rates, life expectancy, and dependency ratios.