Nursing Elites

1. How does AIDS impair the immune system?

• A. AIDS targets and destroys Helper T-Cells, preventing the activation of Cytotoxic T-Cells or B-Cells.
• B. IgE stimulates mast cells to release excessive histamine.
• C. IgE inhibits mast cells from releasing sufficient histamine.
• D. Helper T-Cells deceive the body into attacking itself.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: AIDS targets and destroys Helper T-Cells, which play a crucial role in coordinating the immune response. By affecting these cells, AIDS prevents the activation of other important immune cells like Cytotoxic T-Cells or B-Cells. This disruption in the immune system's communication and response mechanisms leads to immune system failure and increased vulnerability to infections. Choices B and C are incorrect because they refer to the role of IgE in allergic reactions, which is not directly related to how AIDS impairs the immune system. Choice D is also incorrect as Helper T-Cells being destroyed in AIDS is not about deceiving the body into attacking itself, but rather the direct impact on immune system function.

2. Which of the following is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?

• A. White blood cells
• B. Red blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body. White blood cells are involved in the immune system's defense mechanisms against infections, platelets help in blood clotting, and plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

3. Long bones are one of the five major types of bones in the human body. All of the following bones are long bones, EXCEPT

• A. Thighs
• B. Forearms
• C. Ankles
• D. Fingers

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Long bones are one of the five major types of bones in the human body, characterized by their elongated shape. Thighs, forearms, and ankles are examples of long bones as they are longer than they are wide and have a tubular structure, aiding in support and movement. Fingers, however, are categorized as short bones due to their small size and shape. Short bones like fingers are essential for providing dexterity and precise movements rather than supporting weight or acting as levers for movement. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Fingers, as they are not classified as long bones.

4. How many bones are there in the adult human skeleton?

• A. 126
• B. 206
• C. 300
• D. 525

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 206. The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. These bones are categorized into the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton, comprising the bones of the limbs and girdles. Each bone has a specific function in providing structure and support to the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the accurate number of bones in the adult human skeleton. It is essential to remember the correct number of bones in the human skeleton for a better understanding of the skeletal system.

5. Which of the following is NOT a major function of the respiratory system in humans?

• A. It provides a large surface area for gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• B. It helps regulate the blood's pH.
• C. It helps cushion the heart against jarring motions.
• D. It is responsible for vocalization.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Option C, 'It helps cushion the heart against jarring motions,' is NOT a major function of the respiratory system in humans. The primary functions of the respiratory system include gas exchange, regulation of blood pH, and vocalization. The respiratory system does not play a role in cushioning the heart; that function is primarily carried out by the pericardium and other protective structures around the heart. Choices A, B, and D are major functions of the respiratory system in humans. Choice A refers to the respiratory system's role in gas exchange, Choice B highlights its involvement in regulating blood pH, and Choice D points out its responsibility for vocalization.

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