Nursing Elites

1. During which of the following stages does crossing over occur?

• A. Mitosis Prophase
• B. Meiosis Prophase I
• C. Meiosis Prophase II
• D. Interphase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis. This stage is specifically associated with genetic recombination, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This process contributes to genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. In mitosis, crossing over does not occur as it involves the separation of replicated chromosomes. Meiosis Prophase II is focused on the reformation of nuclei and does not involve crossing over. Interphase is a stage where the cell prepares for division and is not associated with crossing over.

2. What is the name of the sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle?

• A. Epimysium
• B. Perimysium
• C. Endomysium
• D. Myofibril

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Epimysium. The epimysium is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle, providing protection and support to the muscle as a whole. Perimysium, which surrounds bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles, is not the sheath that surrounds the entire muscle. Endomysium surrounds individual muscle fibers, not the entire muscle. Myofibril is a structure within muscle fibers that contains the contractile proteins responsible for muscle contraction, but it is not the sheath of connective tissue surrounding the muscle.

3. What is the term for a solution with a pH value less than 7?

• A. Acidic
• B. Neutral
• C. Alkaline
• D. Basic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Solutions with a pH less than 7 are classified as acidic. pH values below 7 indicate an acidic solution, which means it has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they describe neutral (pH 7), alkaline (pH greater than 7), and basic (another term for alkaline), respectively, which are not applicable to solutions with a pH less than 7.

4. What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

• A. Produce insulin
• B. Facilitate gas exchange between mother and fetus
• C. Excrete waste products from the fetus
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the placenta during pregnancy is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother and the fetus. This ensures that the fetus receives oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide, supporting its growth and development. While the placenta also allows for the transfer of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus, its main role is to ensure proper gas exchange. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary role of the placenta is not to produce insulin or excrete waste products from the fetus. Selecting the correct answer, choice B, highlights the crucial role of the placenta in providing oxygen to the fetus and removing carbon dioxide, which are essential for fetal well-being and development.

5. Where does fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, typically occur in the human body?

• A. Ovary
• B. Uterus
• C. Fallopian tube
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube. This is where the sperm and egg meet and fuse to form a zygote. The fallopian tube provides the optimal environment for fertilization as it helps in the transportation of the egg and provides a suitable site for fertilization before the resulting embryo travels to the uterus for implantation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The ovary is where eggs are produced, the uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus, and the vagina is the canal that leads to the cervix, but fertilization itself does not occur in these locations.

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