Nursing Elites

1. What do large intestines absorb?

• A. Water, sodium, and potassium ions
• B. Proteins and carbohydrates
• C. Water, vitamin K, and bile salts
• D. Vitamins A, D, E, K

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The large intestine absorbs water, vitamin K, bile salts, sodium, and chloride ions. It helps in maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance, and also plays a role in absorbing certain vitamins and nutrients such as vitamin K. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins A, D, E, and K are primarily absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.

2. What are the two primary functions of the respiratory system?

• A. Delivering nutrients and removing CO2
• B. Delivering O2 and removing CO2, maintaining blood pH
• C. Maintaining blood pH and delivering nutrients
• D. Delivering O2 and nutrients to the cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The respiratory system's primary functions include delivering oxygen (O2) to the body's cells for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby aiding in the maintenance of blood pH. These functions are crucial for gas exchange and the overall metabolic processes within the body. Choice A is incorrect as the respiratory system primarily delivers O2, not nutrients, and removes CO2, not delivering it. Choice C is incorrect as while the respiratory system helps maintain blood pH by removing CO2, it does not primarily deliver nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as it combines the functions of delivering O2 and nutrients, which are distinct roles of different systems in the body.

3. Which of the following meninges is a thin membrane containing numerous nerves and blood vessels that supply nourishment to the underlying brain cells and spinal cord?

• A. Arachnoid mater
• B. Dura mater
• C. Periosteum
• D. Pia mater

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The pia mater is the correct answer. It is a thin, innermost layer of the meninges that contains numerous nerves and blood vessels, providing nourishment to the underlying brain cells and spinal cord. The arachnoid mater (Choice A) is the middle layer of the meninges and does not contain as many nerves and blood vessels as the pia mater. The dura mater (Choice B) is the tough, outermost layer of the meninges and is not responsible for supplying nourishment. The periosteum (Choice C) is a connective tissue membrane covering bones, not part of the meninges.

4. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it plays a crucial role in the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver. Deficiency in vitamin K can result in impaired blood clotting and excessive bleeding. Vitamin K is necessary for the activation of proteins that are involved in the blood clotting process, making it a vital nutrient for maintaining proper hemostasis. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin C (Choice B) is crucial for collagen synthesis and antioxidant protection, and Vitamin D (Choice D) is essential for calcium absorption and bone health. However, when it comes to blood clotting specifically, Vitamin K is the key vitamin involved.

5. Which of the following macromolecules will always contain nitrogen?

• A. Fatty acids
• B. Proteins
• C. Lipids
• D. Carbohydrates

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proteins. Proteins are the only macromolecules that always contain nitrogen in their amino acid structure. Nitrogen is a key element found in the amino groups of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Fatty acids (Choice A), lipids (Choice C), and carbohydrates (Choice D) do not always contain nitrogen in their structure. Fatty acids are composed of long hydrocarbon chains and do not contain nitrogen. Lipids consist mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with some classes of lipids containing phosphorus but not nitrogen. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, forming structures like sugars and starches, but they do not contain nitrogen.

Similar Questions