Nursing Elites

1. A physician prescribes a drug to help control a person's anxiety attacks. This drug most likely targets the

• A. Amygdala.
• B. Parietal lobe.
• C. Hypothalamus.
• D. Sensory neuron.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amygdala. The amygdala is a key brain structure involved in the processing of emotions, including anxiety. Medications for anxiety disorders often target the amygdala to help regulate emotional responses and control anxiety attacks. The amygdala plays a crucial role in the brain's fear circuit and is essential for the appropriate response to stress and threat perception. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the parietal lobe is primarily involved in sensory processing and spatial reasoning, the hypothalamus regulates basic functions like hunger, thirst, and body temperature, and sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, none of which are directly related to the regulation of anxiety attacks.

2. What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1500 kg moving at a speed of 20 m/s?

• A. 30,000 kg m/s
• B. 1500 kg m/s
• C. 20 kg m/s
• D. Momentum cannot be determined without knowing the direction of motion.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The momentum of an object is calculated by multiplying its mass by its velocity. In this case, the momentum of the car can be determined using the formula momentum = mass x velocity. Substituting the given values, momentum = 1500 kg x 20 m/s = 30,000 kg m/s. Therefore, the correct answer is A, 30,000 kg m/s. Choice B (1500 kg m/s) is incorrect because that value represents the mass of the car, not its momentum. Choice C (20 kg m/s) is incorrect as it only represents the speed of the car, not its momentum. Choice D (Momentum cannot be determined without knowing the direction of motion) is incorrect because momentum is a vector quantity and can be determined using magnitude and direction, but in this case, only the magnitude is required.

3. Which of the following represents the strongest scientific argument?

• A. Scientific Hypothesis
• B. Scientific Law
• C. Scientific Study Conclusion
• D. Scientific Theory

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Scientific Theory.' A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world. It is based on a large body of evidence and has withstood rigorous testing and scrutiny. Scientific theories are considered the strongest scientific arguments because they have predictive power and are supported by a significant amount of empirical data. Choice A, 'Scientific Hypothesis,' is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon but lacks the extensive evidence and testing that theories undergo. Choice B, 'Scientific Law,' describes a consistent and predictable relationship between variables but does not explain why the relationship exists. Choice C, 'Scientific Study Conclusion,' may be based on a single study and lacks the comprehensive nature and validation that theories possess.

4. Which muscle causes a joint to bend?

• A. Cardiac
• B. Extension
• C. Flexor
• D. Smooth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flexor. A flexor muscle contracts to bend a joint, such as bending the elbow or knee. Flexor muscles are responsible for flexing or bending a joint, while extensor muscles are responsible for extending or straightening a joint. Choice A, Cardiac, is incorrect as cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood. Choice B, Extension, is incorrect as extension refers to the straightening or extending movement of a joint, which is opposite to bending. Choice D, Smooth, is incorrect as smooth muscles are involuntary muscles found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, not directly responsible for bending joints.

5. Which of the following colligative properties refers to the elevation of the boiling point of a solution?

• A. Freezing point depression
• B. Vapor pressure lowering
• C. Osmotic pressure
• D. Boiling point elevation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Boiling point elevation.' Boiling point elevation is a colligative property that describes the increase in the boiling point of a solvent when a non-volatile solute is added to it. This occurs because the presence of solute particles in the solvent lowers the vapor pressure of the solution, requiring a higher temperature to reach the same vapor pressure as the pure solvent. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Freezing point depression refers to the lowering of the freezing point of a solution, vapor pressure lowering is the reduction in vapor pressure due to the presence of solute particles, and osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane in osmosis.

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