a parent of an 11 month old infant who has a cleft palate asks the nurse why it was recommended that closure of the palate should be done before the a
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Nursing Elites

HESI LPN

Pediatric HESI 2023

1. Why is it recommended that closure of the palate should be done before the age of 2 for an 11-month-old infant with a cleft palate?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: It is recommended to perform palate closure surgery before the child starts using faulty speech patterns to prevent the development of speech issues that may be harder to correct later. Delaying surgery until after the age of 2 can lead to the child forming incorrect speech habits, which can be challenging to correct. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the specific concern related to speech development in children with cleft palates.

2. When administering IV fluids to a dehydrated infant, what intervention is most important at this time?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Monitoring the intravenous drop rate is crucial when administering IV fluids to ensure that the correct amount of fluids is delivered to the dehydrated infant. Choice A assumes the initial rate is correct without ongoing assessment. Choice C, while important, does not address the immediate need for monitoring the infusion rate. Choice D, maintaining the fluid at body temperature, is essential for comfort but is not as critical as ensuring the correct fluid delivery rate. By monitoring the intravenous drop rate, healthcare providers can adjust the flow as needed to prevent overhydration or underhydration, helping to manage the infant's fluid balance effectively.

3. The nurse caring for families in crisis assesses the affective function of an immigrant family consisting of a father, mother, and two school-age children. Based on Friedman's structural functional theory, what defines this family component?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In Friedman's structural functional theory, the affective function of a family involves meeting the love and belonging needs of each member. This includes emotional support, care, and connections that contribute to the overall well-being of the family unit. Choice B is incorrect as it pertains more to the socialization function of the family, where children learn societal roles. Choice C relates to the economic function of the family, ensuring resources are available and allocated appropriately. Choice D focuses on the instrumental function of the family, which involves meeting the physical needs and health of its members.

4. Following delivery of a newborn, the 21-year-old mother is experiencing mild vaginal bleeding. You note that her heart rate has increased from 90 to 120 beats/min and she is diaphoretic. Management should include

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the 21-year-old mother is showing signs of hemorrhagic shock with increased heart rate, diaphoresis, and vaginal bleeding. The appropriate management includes providing oxygen to support tissue perfusion, treating for shock to restore adequate circulation, and performing uterine massage to help control bleeding during transport. Options A, B, and D do not address the comprehensive management needed for postpartum hemorrhage in this situation.

5. A child with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: For a child with nephrotic syndrome, it is important to avoid foods high in salt. This instruction helps manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with the condition. High salt intake can lead to fluid retention and worsen edema, which are common issues in nephrotic syndrome. Encouraging a low-sodium diet is crucial to maintaining fluid balance and reducing strain on the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a high-protein diet can further stress the kidneys, while a low-protein diet may not be necessary unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider. Encouraging a low-sodium diet is more appropriate for managing nephrotic syndrome.

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