Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
• B. You should decrease your intake of high-sodium foods.
• C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
• D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: For a client with nephrotic syndrome, decreasing the intake of high-sodium foods is essential to manage fluid retention and symptoms of the condition. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid retention, swelling, and worsen the condition. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their high-sodium food intake aligns with the dietary management approach to help control nephrotic syndrome. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing high-sodium foods would exacerbate fluid retention, avoiding lactose is not specifically required for nephrotic syndrome, and increasing dairy products may not be necessary unless individualized based on the client's needs and lab values.

2. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client. Which of the following techniques should the healthcare professional use to reduce discomfort?

• A. Use a 25-gauge needle.
• B. Administer the injection slowly.
• C. Massage the site after the injection.
• D. Apply ice to the injection site before administration.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering the injection slowly is the recommended technique to reduce discomfort associated with IM injections. This approach allows the medication to disperse more gradually into the muscle, minimizing the sensation of pressure or pain during administration. Administering the injection slowly can also help prevent tissue damage and reduce the likelihood of injection site reactions.

3. A client is being discharged with a prescription for furosemide. Which of the following instructions should be included?

• A. Avoid foods high in potassium.
• B. Monitor your weight daily.
• C. Take the medication with food.
• D. Change positions slowly.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction to include for a client being discharged with a prescription for furosemide is to 'Change positions slowly.' Furosemide, a diuretic, can cause dizziness and orthostatic hypotension, increasing the risk of falls. By advising the client to change positions slowly, the body can adjust to postural changes gradually, reducing the likelihood of falls and related injuries.

4. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus about foot care, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Soak your feet in hot water every day.
• B. Apply lotion between your toes.
• C. Inspect your feet daily.
• D. Use over-the-counter products to remove corns.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inspecting the feet daily is crucial for clients with diabetes mellitus to detect early signs of injury or infection promptly. This practice helps prevent serious complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. Soaking feet in hot water daily can lead to skin dryness and increase the risk of injury. Applying lotion between toes can cause moisture buildup, leading to fungal infections. Using over-the-counter products to remove corns can result in skin damage and should be done under healthcare provider supervision.

5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a low-cholesterol diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?

• A. Eggs
• B. Cheese
• C. Chicken breast
• D. Butter

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chicken breast is a suitable recommendation for a low-cholesterol diet as it is low in cholesterol. Eggs and cheese are high in cholesterol and not suitable for a low-cholesterol diet. Butter is also high in cholesterol and should be avoided in a low-cholesterol diet.

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