Nursing Elites

1. A client with peptic ulcer disease is receiving ranitidine (Zantac). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Constipation
• C. Diarrhea
• D. Hypotension

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diarrhea. Ranitidine, which is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Hypertension and hypotension are not common side effects of ranitidine. Constipation is also not a typical side effect associated with ranitidine use.

2. The following statements pertain to devolution as mandated by the local government code. Which of these is not correct?

• A. People can participate in policymaking relative to healthcare delivery.
• B. Devolution will enhance the quality of community life.
• C. The barangay shall set criteria as to who shall be given priority in the delivery of healthcare services.
• D. The DOH shall transfer regulatory function of inspecting food establishments to local government units.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The Department of Health (DOH) retains regulatory functions for inspecting food establishments, and it is not transferred to local government units. Choices A, B, and C are correct because devolution allows people to participate in policymaking for healthcare, enhances community life quality, and empowers the barangay to set criteria for healthcare service prioritization.

3. A client with cirrhosis of the liver is experiencing ascites. The nurse should implement which of the following interventions?

• A. Restrict fluid intake
• B. Increase sodium intake
• C. Encourage high-protein diet
• D. Administer diuretics

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is a common complication of cirrhosis. Diuretics are the primary intervention to manage ascites by promoting the excretion of excess fluid from the body, thus reducing abdominal swelling. Restricting fluid intake (Choice A) would not be appropriate as it may lead to dehydration. Increasing sodium intake (Choice B) is contraindicated as it can worsen fluid retention. Encouraging a high-protein diet (Choice C) is not directly related to managing ascites.

4. What is the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions known as?

• A. Health literacy
• B. Health equity
• C. Health disparity
• D. Health promotion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Health literacy refers to the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services necessary to make informed health decisions. It empowers individuals to navigate the healthcare system, understand medical instructions, and advocate for their own health needs. - Choice B, Health equity, is the concept of everyone having a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential and not being disadvantaged due to their social or economic status. - Choice C, Health disparity, refers to differences in health outcomes or access to healthcare between different populations, often influenced by social, economic, or environmental factors. - Choice D, Health promotion, involves efforts to enhance and protect the health of individuals and communities through education, behavior change, and public health initiatives.

5. The nurse administers a booster dose of DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine to an infant. Which level of prevention is the nurse implementing?

• A. Primary prevention.
• B. Tertiary prevention.
• C. Secondary prevention.
• D. Primary nursing.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. Administering a booster dose of DTaP vaccine to an infant is an example of primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs by preventing exposure to risk factors. Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred, while secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to prevent the progression of disease. Choice B, tertiary prevention, is incorrect as it deals with managing the consequences of a disease rather than preventing it. Choice C, secondary prevention, is also incorrect as it focuses on early detection and treatment rather than vaccination to prevent the disease. Choice D, primary nursing, is unrelated to the level of prevention being implemented in this scenario.

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