a client from a nursing home is admitted with urinary sepsis and has a single lumen peripherally inserted central catheter picc four medications are p
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ATI LPN

ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2019 Quizlet

1. A client from a nursing home is admitted with urinary sepsis and has a single-lumen, peripherally-inserted central catheter (PICC). Four medications are prescribed for 9:00 a.m. and the nurse is running behind schedule. Which medication should the nurse administer first?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with urinary sepsis, administering Piperacillin/tazobactam first is crucial as it is an antibiotic that directly targets the infection. Addressing the infection promptly is essential to prevent its progression and complications. Vancomycin, Pantoprazole, and Enoxaparin are important medications for the patient's overall treatment plan, but in this scenario, the antibiotic should take precedence due to the urgency of managing the sepsis.

2. A client with newly diagnosed hypertension is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec). Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to provide the client taking enalapril (Vasotec) is to report any persistent cough to their healthcare provider. Enalapril can cause a side effect of a persistent cough, and it is essential for the healthcare provider to be notified if this occurs to evaluate the need for a medication adjustment or change. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing potassium-rich foods is not specifically related to enalapril use; there is no requirement to take enalapril with a full meal, and avoiding grapefruit juice is more relevant for medications metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme, not typically for enalapril.

3. A client with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus is receiving teaching on foot care. Which instruction should the nurse include?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Correctly trimming toenails straight across is crucial in preventing ingrown toenails and potential infections in individuals with diabetes. Ingrown toenails can lead to complications, so it is essential for diabetic clients to practice proper nail care to avoid these issues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Walking barefoot can increase the risk of foot injuries, soaking feet in hot water can cause burns or skin damage, and using a heating pad can lead to burns or injuries due to decreased sensation in the feet, which is common in diabetes.

4. The nurse is planning care for a 16-year-old with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The nurse includes activities to strengthen and mobilize the joints and surrounding muscles. Which physical therapy regimen should the nurse encourage the adolescent to implement?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Exercising in a swimming pool is beneficial for adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis as it reduces stress on the joints while allowing movement and strengthening. The buoyancy of water supports the body, making exercises easier and less painful, while also providing resistance to strengthen muscles. This form of exercise can help improve joint mobility and overall function without causing excessive strain on the joints. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because splinting affected joints, performing passive range of motion exercises, or beginning a training program of lifting weights and running can potentially exacerbate symptoms and cause additional stress on the joints, which is not recommended for individuals with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

5. A patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed warfarin. Which dietary instruction should the nurse provide?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patients on warfarin should avoid foods high in vitamin K because vitamin K can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of the medication. Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, so consuming large amounts of vitamin K-rich foods may decrease the effectiveness of the medication. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of dairy products, limiting citrus fruits, or avoiding high-sodium foods are not directly related to the mechanism of action of warfarin or its dietary considerations.

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