a child of 3 years has been admitted to your paediatric ward the doctor gave a provisional diagnosis of respiratory tract infection after careful asse
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Pediatric ATI Proctored Test

1. A child of 3 years has been admitted to your pediatric ward. The doctor gave a provisional diagnosis of respiratory tract infection. After careful assessment and history, he gave a final diagnosis of lower respiratory infection. Which of the following signs will confirm the diagnosis?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inability to lie supine is a specific sign of lower respiratory infection. This condition can cause discomfort or difficulty in breathing when lying flat, leading to a preference for an upright or semi-upright position. While cough and fever are common symptoms of respiratory infections, the inability to lie supine is more indicative of lower respiratory involvement.

2. A 7-year-old child has an altered mental status, high fever, and a generalized rash. You perform your assessment and administer supplemental oxygen. En route to the hospital, you should be MOST alert for:

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a 7-year-old child with altered mental status, high fever, and a generalized rash, the most critical concern is the potential for convulsions. These symptoms could indicate a serious underlying condition, such as a febrile seizure or another type of seizure activity. Monitoring for convulsions is crucial during transport to ensure prompt intervention if they occur, as seizures can lead to additional complications and require immediate management.

3. In growing children, growth hormone deficiency results in short stature and very slow growth rates. Short stature may result from which of the following?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Short stature in growing children can result from anterior pituitary gland hypofunction, which leads to growth hormone deficiency. The anterior pituitary gland plays a crucial role in stimulating the release of growth hormone, and when it is underactive (hypofunction), insufficient growth hormone is produced, resulting in short stature and slow growth rates.

4. Your assessment of a newborn reveals cyanosis to the chest and face and a heart rate of 90 beats/min. What should you do first?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a newborn with cyanosis to the chest and face and a heart rate of 90 beats/min, the priority action is to begin artificial ventilations. A heart rate below 100 beats/min with cyanosis indicates a need for immediate respiratory support to improve oxygenation. Drying the infant briskly or suctioning the mouth may be necessary later but are not the initial priority. Chest compressions are not indicated as the heart rate is above 60 beats/min.

5. Which artery should you palpate when assessing for a pulse in an unresponsive 6-month-old patient?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When assessing for a pulse in an unresponsive 6-month-old patient, the brachial artery is the recommended site for palpation. This is because the brachial artery is easily accessible and provides a reliable indication of the patient's circulatory status in infants.

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