Nursing Elites

1. In which of the following situations would the EMT MOST likely deliver a baby at the scene?

• A. A tornado has struck and blocked the only route to the hospital.
• B. Contractions are 8 to 10 minutes apart and irregular.
• C. The amniotic sac has ruptured, and contractions occur regularly.
• D. The hospital is 15 miles away, and crowning is not present.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The EMT may be required to deliver a baby at the scene when external factors like a tornado have blocked the only route to the hospital, making it impossible to reach the medical facility in time for delivery. In such emergencies, the EMT must be prepared to manage the childbirth process until further medical assistance can be obtained.

2. Which of the following injuries is MOST indicative of child abuse?

• A. Multiple bruises to the shins
• B. Burned hand with splash marks
• C. Small laceration to the chin
• D. Bruising to the upper back

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bruising to the upper back is more suspicious for child abuse compared to the other listed injuries. In young children, injuries like bruises to the upper back are less likely to be accidental and may raise concerns about physical abuse. The upper back is an area less prone to accidental injuries during play or falls. Multiple bruises to the shins are common in active children. A burned hand with splash marks may suggest accidental burns. A small laceration to the chin is also a common injury from falls in children. Therefore, the bruising on the upper back is more concerning for possible child abuse.

3. A postpartum client is experiencing difficulty voiding. What should the nurse include in the care plan to assist the client?

• A. Encourage the client to drink caffeine-free beverages.
• B. Apply a warm compress to the client's lower abdomen.
• C. Encourage increased fluid intake to promote urinary flow.
• D. Assist the client with Kegel exercises.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Applying a warm compress to the lower abdomen can help relax the muscles and stimulate voiding in postpartum clients. It promotes vasodilation, increases blood flow to the area, and can aid in relieving urinary retention. Encouraging caffeine-free beverages can also be beneficial as caffeine can irritate the bladder and worsen the situation. Increasing fluid intake helps prevent urinary stasis and promotes bladder emptying. Kegel exercises can strengthen pelvic floor muscles over time, but in the immediate situation of difficulty voiding, a warm compress is more appropriate.

4. Which of the following is not a clinical type of diarrhea?

• A. Acute diarrhea
• B. Bloody diarrhea
• C. Persistent diarrhea
• D. Secretory diarrhea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bloody diarrhea is not typically classified as a clinical type of diarrhea. The clinical types of diarrhea commonly include acute, persistent, and secretory diarrhea, which are characterized by different mechanisms and durations. Bloody diarrhea usually indicates the presence of blood in the stool, which can be a sign of various underlying conditions but is not a specific clinical type of diarrhea.

5. A new mother expresses concern about her baby's frequent hiccups. What should the nurse explain about newborn hiccups?

• A. Hiccups are a sign of respiratory distress in newborns.
• B. Hiccups indicate the baby is overeating.
• C. Hiccups are common and usually harmless in newborns.
• D. Hiccups are caused by a lack of burping.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Newborn hiccups are common and usually harmless. They are typically caused by the baby's immature diaphragm and tend to resolve on their own. It is essential for parents to understand that hiccups in newborns are a normal phenomenon and do not necessarily indicate any underlying health issue. Choice A is incorrect because hiccups are not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns. Choice B is incorrect as hiccups do not indicate the baby is overeating. Choice D is also incorrect as hiccups are not solely caused by a lack of burping.

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