Nursing Elites

1. A botanist wants to determine if environmental temperature affects root growth. What is the independent variable in this study?

• A. Temperature
• B. Seedlings
• C. Light
• D. Root length

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Temperature.' In an experiment, the independent variable is the factor that is deliberately manipulated or changed by the researcher. In this study, the botanist is specifically investigating how environmental temperature affects root growth, making temperature the independent variable. Choice B, 'Seedlings,' and Choice C, 'Light,' are not the independent variables in this context as they are not the factors being intentionally changed or manipulated. Choice D, 'Root length,' is the dependent variable, as it is the outcome that is being measured or observed in response to the changes in the independent variable, temperature.

2. How does the Law of Conservation of Mass apply to this reaction: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O?

• A. Electrons are not lost.
• B. The hydrogen does not lose mass.
• C. New water molecules are formed.
• D. There is no decrease or increase in matter.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. In the given reaction, 2 moles of hydrogen combine with 1 mole of oxygen to form 2 moles of water. The total mass of the reactants (hydrogen and oxygen) is equal to the total mass of the products (water), meaning there is no decrease or increase in matter. The total mass of the system remains constant, demonstrating the conservation of mass. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the conservation of mass does not specifically relate to electrons, individual elements (like hydrogen), or the formation of new molecules; instead, it focuses on the overall mass of the system before and after the reaction.

3. How many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required to reduce 6 molecules of CO2 to glucose via photosynthesis?

• A. 6 NADPH and 9 ATP
• B. 12 NADPH and 18 ATP
• C. 18 NADPH and 24 ATP
• D. 24 NADPH and 36 ATP

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During photosynthesis, 12 molecules of NADPH and 18 molecules of ATP are required to reduce 6 molecules of CO2 to glucose. NADPH and ATP are essential energy carriers in the process of photosynthesis. Choice A is incorrect because it underestimates the required molecules of both NADPH and ATP. Choices C and D overestimate the number of molecules needed, making them incorrect answers.

4. What are Merkel cells, located in the epidermis, specialized for?

• A. Melanin production
• B. Temperature sensation
• C. Touch perception
• D. Immune defense

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Merkel cells are specialized touch receptors located in the epidermis of the skin. Their primary function is to perceive light touch and pressure. They play a crucial role in the sensory perception of touch stimuli. Option A, melanin production, is incorrect because Merkel cells are not involved in producing melanin. Option B, temperature sensation, is incorrect as Merkel cells are not specialized for sensing temperature. Option D, immune defense, is also incorrect as Merkel cells do not have a role in immune defense mechanisms.

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of an interneuron?

• A. Forms neural circuits
• B. Interacts with effectors
• C. Sends impulses to the CNS
• D. Functions as an efferent nerve cell

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct characteristic of an interneuron is that it forms neural circuits, connecting sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system. Interneurons facilitate communication between different neurons in the central nervous system, helping in the processing and integration of signals. Choice B is incorrect as interneurons primarily interact with other neurons, not effectors. Choice C is incorrect as interneurons typically do not send impulses to the CNS; they operate within the CNS. Choice D is incorrect as interneurons are not efferent nerve cells; they are mainly involved in processing signals within the CNS rather than transmitting signals to effectors.

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