Nursing Elites

1. A 3-year-old boy is found to be in cardiopulmonary arrest. As you begin one-rescuer CPR, your partner prepares the AED. What is the appropriate compression to ventilation ratio for this child?

• A. 3:01
• B. 30:2
• C. 15:2
• D. 5:1

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct compression to ventilation ratio for a single rescuer performing CPR on a child is 30:2. This ratio ensures adequate circulation and oxygenation during CPR. 30 compressions help maintain blood flow, while 2 rescue breaths provide oxygenation. Choice A (3:01) is incorrect as it does not follow the standard CPR guidelines for children. Choice C (15:2) is incorrect as it is the ratio used for adult CPR. Choice D (5:1) is incorrect as it is not the recommended ratio for child CPR.

2. The instructor is teaching a group of new mothers about infant care. Which statement indicates that further teaching is needed?

• A. I should put my baby to sleep on their back.
• B. I can give my baby water if they seem thirsty.
• C. Breastfeeding provides all the nutrients my baby needs.
• D. I should burp my baby after each feeding.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Newborns do not need additional water as breast milk or formula provides all the necessary hydration. Giving water to infants can be harmful and is not recommended as it can interfere with the balance of electrolytes in their bodies. Choice A is correct as placing babies on their back for sleep is the recommended safe sleeping position. Choice C is also correct as breastfeeding does provide all the essential nutrients for babies. Choice D is correct as burping the baby after each feeding helps prevent discomfort from trapped air.

3. What is the most likely cause of a sudden onset of respiratory distress in a 5-year-old child with no fever?

• A. Infection of the lower airways.
• B. A progressive upper airway infection.
• C. Inflammation of the upper airway.
• D. A foreign body airway obstruction.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A sudden onset of respiratory distress in a child without fever is most likely due to a foreign body airway obstruction. This obstruction can rapidly lead to difficulty breathing, stridor, and other signs of respiratory distress without necessarily causing a fever. Prompt recognition and intervention are crucial in such cases to prevent further complications and ensure the child's airway remains clear.

4. During a well-child visit, a 10-year-old child is found to be above the 95th percentile for weight and reports watching more than two hours of television daily. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child is:

• A. Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements
• B. Altered Growth and Development
• C. Ineffective Coping
• D. Altered Family Processes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing diagnosis for a 10-year-old child who is above the 95th percentile for weight and watches more than two hours of television daily would be 'Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements.' This diagnosis reflects the excessive intake of nutrients compared to the child's energy expenditure, which can contribute to weight gain. 'Altered Growth and Development' (choice B) is not the most appropriate diagnosis in this scenario, as the primary concern is related to nutrition and sedentary behavior rather than developmental issues. 'Ineffective Coping' (choice C) and 'Altered Family Processes' (choice D) are also not relevant to the child's weight status and television habits. Monitoring and addressing the child's dietary habits and sedentary behavior are essential to promote a healthier lifestyle and prevent further weight-related issues.

5. The nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K to a newborn. The mother asks why this injection is necessary. What is the nurse's best response?

• A. It helps the baby's liver function properly.
• B. It prevents bleeding disorders in the newborn.
• C. It boosts the baby's immune system.
• D. It promotes the baby's growth and development.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Vitamin K is administered to newborns to prevent bleeding disorders since they have low levels of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. By providing this injection, the nurse ensures that the newborn has an adequate supply of vitamin K to support proper blood clotting and prevent potential bleeding complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because vitamin K's primary role in newborns is related to blood clotting and preventing bleeding, not liver function, immune system, or growth and development.

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