Nursing Elites

1. What is the pattern of fever in enteric fever?

• A. Intermittent fever
• B. Relapsing fever
• C. Pel-Ebstein fever
• D. Continuous fever

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella typhi or paratyphi, is characterized by a continuous fever pattern. The fever typically persists without significant fluctuations, distinguishing it from diseases with intermittent or relapsing fever patterns. Pel-Ebstein fever, a cyclic pattern of fever seen in Hodgkin's lymphoma, is not associated with enteric fever. Relapsing fever is a characteristic of diseases like Borrelia recurrentis infection. Intermittent fever is seen in conditions like malaria.

2. The Andrews family has been taking good care of their youngest, Archie, who was diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements indicate a need for further home care teaching?

• A. He should increase his fluid intake regularly to thin secretions.
• B. We'll make sure he avoids exercise to prevent attacks.
• C. He is to use his bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler.
• D. We need to identify what triggers his attacks.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Avoiding exercise entirely is not recommended for asthma management. Regular exercise can actually help strengthen the lungs and improve overall respiratory function. Teaching should focus on appropriate exercise routines that are suitable for individuals with asthma to prevent attacks. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate and indicate good understanding of asthma management. Increasing fluid intake helps thin secretions, using the bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler follows the correct order of inhaler administration, and identifying triggers is essential for asthma control.

3. A 3-year-old is seen in the clinic and is diagnosed with an ear infection. The father reports that the child was awake several times during the night, crying. The PRIORITY nursing diagnosis for this child is:

• A. Sleep Pattern Disturbance related to pain.
• B. Pain related to ear infection.
• C. Altered Family Processes related to ill child.
• D. Ineffective Thermoregulation Related to Infection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The priority nursing diagnosis for a child diagnosed with an ear infection and experiencing nighttime awakenings and crying would be 'Pain related to ear infection.' Pain management is crucial to ensure the child's comfort and well-being, which can also impact their sleep patterns. Addressing the pain as a priority can lead to improved sleep and overall recovery for the child.

4. A mother reported to you that her 6-year-old child is suffering from diarrhea. Which of the following advice will you give to the mother?

• A. Breastfeeding should be continued day and night
• B. Formula milk should be stopped for 6 hours
• C. Breast milk can be given together with oral rehydration salts
• D. A and C

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When a child is suffering from diarrhea, it is essential to continue breastfeeding day and night to maintain hydration and provide necessary nutrients. Stopping formula milk for 6 hours (choice B) is not the recommended approach as it may lead to a lack of essential nutrients during this critical time. Giving breast milk together with oral rehydration salts (choice C) can help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, making it a suitable recommendation. Therefore, advising the mother to follow both options A and C is the most appropriate approach to manage the child's condition effectively.

5. A 6-year-old male is hospitalized in stable condition with multiple fractures following a car accident. The child's parents tell the nurse that their 7-year-old daughter is very upset about the accident and is concerned that her brother will die. Which suggestion by the nurse is most appropriate?

• A. Encourage the parents to phone the sister frequently with updates on her brother's condition.
• B. Suggest that the sister come to the hospital for a visit.
• C. Suggest that one parent leave the hospital to spend extra time with their daughter at home.
• D. Remind the parents that it is normal for children to be upset when their sibling is hospitalized.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In situations where a sibling is upset about a family member being hospitalized, suggesting that the sister come to the hospital for a visit can help alleviate her concerns. This allows the sister to see her brother, ask questions, and receive reassurance from seeing him in stable condition. Direct contact and interaction can often provide more comfort and understanding than phone calls or staying at home. Encouraging phone calls (Choice A) might not provide the same level of comfort as a physical visit. While spending extra time with the daughter at home (Choice C) is important, in this scenario, facilitating a visit to the hospital can address the daughter's immediate concerns better. Reminding the parents that it is normal for children to be upset (Choice D) is not as proactive as arranging for the sister to visit her brother.

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