Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin requires the lymphatic system for proper absorption from the intestine?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D requires the lymphatic system for proper absorption from the intestine. Unlike vitamins A, C, and B12, which are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, vitamin D is absorbed into the lymphatic system first before entering the bloodstream. Therefore, options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not rely on the lymphatic system for absorption from the intestine.

2. What is the significance of a healthy gut microbiome?

• A. Production of digestive enzymes
• B. Boosting the immune system and nutrient synthesis
• C. Breakdown of complex carbohydrates
• D. Regulation of appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A healthy gut microbiome plays a crucial role in boosting the immune system by defending against harmful pathogens, synthesizing essential nutrients like vitamins, aiding in the digestion of certain foods, and maintaining overall gut health. While the gut microbiome does contribute to the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and regulation of appetite, its significance extends beyond these functions to include immune support and nutrient synthesis. Choice A, production of digestive enzymes, is not the primary significance of a healthy gut microbiome. Choice C is a function related to the gut microbiome but is not the sole significance. Choice D, regulation of appetite, is important but not as central as the immune system support and nutrient synthesis provided by a healthy gut microbiome.

3. How does urine flow through the urethra?

• A. Continuously
• B. Only when the bladder is completely full
• C. Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles
• D. A combination of B and C

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Urine flows through the urethra under voluntary control of sphincter muscles. These muscles can be consciously contracted or relaxed to control the flow of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Choice A is incorrect as urine flow is not continuous but rather regulated. Choice B is incorrect because urine flow is not restricted to only when the bladder is completely full. Choice D is incorrect as it inaccurately combines the two incorrect statements of choices B and C.

4. Which of the following structures in the body is responsible for protecting the lungs and heart?

• A. Rib cage
• B. Pelvis
• C. Femur
• D. Vertebral column

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The rib cage is the correct answer. It plays a crucial role in protecting vital organs like the lungs and heart. The rib cage forms a protective barrier around these organs, shielding them from external trauma or injuries. It acts as a sturdy cage, offering structural support and safeguarding the delicate tissues and structures of the lungs and heart. The pelvis, femur, and vertebral column do not directly protect the lungs and heart; instead, they have other important functions in the body, such as supporting the body's weight, enabling movement, and protecting the spinal cord.

5. When testing how quickly a rat dies based on the amount of poison it eats, which of the following is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable?

• A. How quickly the rat dies is the independent variable; the amount of poison is the dependent variable.
• B. The amount of poison is the independent variable; how quickly the rat dies is the dependent variable.
• C. Whether the rat eats the poison is the independent variable; how quickly the rat dies is the dependent variable.
• D. The cage the rat is kept in is the independent variable; the amount of poison is the dependent variable.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In this experiment, the independent variable is the amount of poison because it is what is being manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is how quickly the rat dies, as it is the outcome that is being measured based on the different amounts of poison administered. Choice A is incorrect because the independent variable should be what is being manipulated or changed, which is the amount of poison in this case. Choice C is incorrect because whether the rat eats the poison is not being varied or controlled by the researcher. Choice D is incorrect because the cage the rat is kept in is not relevant to the relationship being studied between the amount of poison and the rat's survival time.

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