Nursing Elites

1. Which type of waves exhibit both longitudinal and transverse motion?

• A. Electromagnetic waves
• B. Surface waves
• C. Mechanical waves
• D. Sound waves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Surface waves exhibit both longitudinal and transverse motion. These waves travel along the boundary between two different mediums, such as water and air, causing particles to move both parallel (longitudinal) and perpendicular (transverse) to the wave's direction of travel. This unique characteristic distinguishes surface waves from other types of waves, making them the correct answer in this context. Electromagnetic waves, like light and radio waves, are purely transverse in nature, propagating through vacuum or different media through oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. Mechanical waves, including both transverse (e.g., water waves) and longitudinal (e.g., sound waves in air) waves, do not typically exhibit both types of motion simultaneously, unlike surface waves.

2. T cells in the immune system can be categorized into different types. What type of T cell directly kills infected body cells?

• A. Helper T cells
• B. Cytotoxic T cells
• C. Regulatory T cells
• D. Memory T cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected body cells by recognizing specific antigens on the surface of infected cells and releasing cytotoxic substances to induce cell death, eliminating the infected cells. Helper T cells assist in coordinating the immune response, regulatory T cells help maintain immune tolerance, and memory T cells mount a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to a previously encountered antigen. Therefore, the correct answer is cytotoxic T cells as they play a crucial role in directly targeting and destroying infected cells.

3. Which organ in the body is responsible for filtering toxins from the blood?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Liver
• C. Heart
• D. Lungs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The liver is the organ responsible for filtering toxins from the blood. It plays a crucial role in detoxification by processing and eliminating harmful substances from the body. The kidneys primarily filter waste and excess substances from the blood to form urine, while the heart pumps blood throughout the body and the lungs facilitate gas exchange by oxygenating blood. Therefore, the correct answer is the liver as it is specifically involved in detoxifying the blood.

4. What is the structure that attaches to each chromosome during mitosis?

• A. Centromere
• B. Telomere
• C. Spindle apparatus
• D. Nucleolus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the centromere. It is the structure that attaches to each chromosome during mitosis. The centromere serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division, ensuring proper distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells. Telomeres are found at the ends of chromosomes, providing protection and stability. The spindle apparatus is responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division. The nucleolus, located within the nucleus, is involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and not in chromosome attachment during mitosis.

5. Cartilage, found in joints and the ear, is a type of:

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that provides support and flexibility to various parts of the body, such as joints and the ear. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes embedded in a matrix of collagen and proteoglycans. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, muscle tissue is involved in movement, and nervous tissue transmits signals. The correct answer is connective tissue because cartilage serves a supportive function in the body.

Similar Questions