Nursing Elites

1. Which structure in the digestive system absorbs the most nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site where the absorption of nutrients from digested food occurs. Its large surface area, specialized cells, and villi play key roles in maximizing nutrient absorption, making it the structure in the digestive system that absorbs the most nutrients. The stomach's main function is to break down food with acid and enzymes, not absorb nutrients. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat with the stomach and does not play a role in nutrient absorption.

2. Which of the following is the smallest unit of matter?

• A. Molecule
• B. Atom
• C. Compound
• D. Element

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An atom is the fundamental building block of matter, while molecules are formed by the combination of atoms.

3. What is the general formula for an alkyl halide?

• A. CₙH₂ₙ
• B. CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
• C. CₙH₂ₙ₊₁X
• D. CₙH₂ₙO

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C, 'CₙH₂ₙ₊₁X.' This is the general formula for an alkyl halide, where X represents a halogen atom (such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine), and the hydrocarbon chain is represented by CₙH₂ₙ₊₁. Option A, 'CₙH₂ₙ,' is incorrect because it does not account for the presence of a halogen atom. Option B, 'CₙH₂ₙ₊₂,' is incorrect as it represents an alkene, not an alkyl halide. Option D, 'CₙH₂ₙO,' is also incorrect as it suggests the presence of oxygen, which is not characteristic of alkyl halides.

4. Which type of tissue protects the respiratory system's trachea?

• A. Bone
• B. Cartilage
• C. Collagen
• D. Keratin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cartilage is the correct answer as it provides flexible support and protection in the trachea. Cartilage is specifically designed to maintain the trachea's shape and prevent it from collapsing during breathing. Bone is a rigid tissue, not found in the trachea, and would not provide the necessary flexibility for breathing. Collagen is a structural protein but does not offer the same support and flexibility as cartilage in this context. Keratin is a protein that forms structures like hair and nails, and it is not present in the trachea to provide protection.

5. When a patient is lying flat on their back, which of the following positions are they in?

• A. Prone.
• B. Supine.
• C. Lateral.
• D. Medial.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a patient is lying flat on their back, they are in the supine position. In the supine position, the person's face is facing upward, and their back is touching the surface they are lying on. This position is commonly used for medical examinations and procedures. Choice A, 'Prone,' refers to lying face down, not on the back. Choice C, 'Lateral,' indicates lying on the side. Choice D, 'Medial,' pertains to the middle or center, not a position in relation to lying on the back.

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