Nursing Elites

1. What property of matter explains why ice floats on water?

• A. Viscosity
• B. Density
• C. Buoyancy
• D. Surface tension

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, buoyancy. Ice floats on water due to buoyancy, a property of matter. When water freezes into ice, it becomes less dense than liquid water, causing it to float. This phenomenon occurs because the molecules in ice are more spread out compared to liquid water, resulting in ice being less dense and able to float on the surface. Choice A, viscosity, is incorrect because viscosity refers to a fluid's resistance to flow, not its ability to float. Choice B, density, is incorrect because while ice being less dense than water is the reason it floats, this choice does not explain the specific property that causes this phenomenon. Choice D, surface tension, is incorrect as it pertains to the cohesive forces between molecules at the surface of a liquid, not the reason why ice floats on water.

2. What is the main consequence of a malfunctioning thyroid gland that produces abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones?

• A. Increased energy levels and weight loss
• B. Decreased heart rate and body temperature
• C. Enhanced muscle growth and bone development
• D. Faster metabolism and heightened alertness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased heart rate and body temperature. A malfunctioning thyroid gland that produces abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones leads to hypothyroidism, resulting in decreased metabolic activity. This reduction in metabolic rate can cause a decreased heart rate and lower body temperature. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hypothyroidism typically manifests as symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia, and decreased body temperature, rather than increased energy levels, enhanced muscle growth, faster metabolism, or heightened alertness.

3. Which part of the brainstem controls heart rate and breathing?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Pons
• C. Midbrain
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The medulla oblongata is a critical part of the brainstem responsible for regulating essential functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. It houses centers that oversee these involuntary processes, making it the correct answer. The pons, midbrain, and thalamus do not primarily control heart rate and breathing, thus making them incorrect choices for this question.

4. What are the tiny blood vessels that transport blood from arteries to veins within the body?

• A. Arterioles
• B. Capillaries
• C. Venules
• D. Veins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that connect arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins). They enable the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues. Arterioles are small arteries that carry blood away from the heart, while venules are small veins that carry blood towards the heart. Veins are larger blood vessels that transport blood back to the heart. Therefore, capillaries specifically serve as the vessels responsible for the exchange of substances between the blood and body tissues.

5. Which type of muscle is characterized by voluntary control and is responsible for body movement?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is characterized by voluntary control, meaning it is under conscious control. It is responsible for body movement, such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and found in the heart, while smooth muscle is also involuntary and found in organs like the intestines. Connective tissue is not a type of muscle but rather a type of tissue that provides support and structure in the body.

Similar Questions