Nursing Elites

1. Which phenomenon describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism?

• A. Refraction
• B. Diffraction
• C. Dispersion
• D. Reflection

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dispersion is the phenomenon that describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism. When white light enters a prism, it is refracted at different angles depending on its wavelength, causing the colors to spread out. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, not the separation of colors. Diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles, not the separation of colors. Reflection is the bouncing back of light rays from a surface, not the separation of colors. In the context of a prism, dispersion plays a key role in the creation of a spectrum of colors by separating the different wavelengths present in white light.

2. What is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system?

• A. To store bile
• B. To secrete digestive enzymes
• C. To digest proteins
• D. To absorb nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To secrete digestive enzymes.' The pancreas plays a crucial role in the digestive system by secreting digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, facilitating the absorption of nutrients from the digested food. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas is not responsible for storing bile; the gallbladder stores bile. Choice C is incorrect because the pancreas secretes enzymes for protein digestion but does not digest proteins itself. Choice D is incorrect as the absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, not in the pancreas.

3. What is the basic structure of an atom?

• A. Protons, neutrons, electrons
• B. Protons, electrons, ions
• C. Neutrons, electrons, ions
• D. Protons, ions, molecules

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The basic structure of an atom consists of protons and neutrons located in the nucleus, with electrons orbiting around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons carry no charge, and electrons carry a negative charge. This arrangement maintains the overall neutrality of the atom, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Protons, neutrons, electrons.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the fundamental components of an atom. Choice B includes 'ions,' which are charged particles, not fundamental components of an atom. Choice C includes 'ions' and lacks protons. Choice D includes 'ions' and 'molecules,' which are not part of the basic structure of an atom.

4. Which term describes the allele for green eyes?

• A. Dominant
• B. Recessive
• C. Homozygous
• D. Heterozygous

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Recessive.' In genetics, eye color is determined by multiple genes, with green eyes often being associated with a recessive allele. When an individual carries two copies of the recessive allele for green eyes, they will express this eye color. Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles. Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene, and heterozygous refers to having two different alleles. In this context, the allele for green eyes is recessive, meaning it is expressed only when an individual carries two copies of this specific allele. Therefore, 'Recessive' is the most appropriate term to describe the allele for green eyes, making it the correct answer.

5. What is the function of the endocrine system?

• A. To protect the body from infection
• B. To release digestive enzymes
• C. To break down food
• D. To regulate the sleep-wake cycle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The endocrine system releases hormones that regulate various functions, including metabolism and growth. It is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that control processes such as metabolism, growth, and development. The digestive enzymes are released by the digestive system, not the endocrine system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because protecting the body from infection is primarily the role of the immune system, breaking down food is the function of the digestive system, and regulating the sleep-wake cycle is controlled by the circadian rhythm which is mainly influenced by the brain's hypothalamus and not the endocrine system.

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