ATI TEAS 7
TEAS 7 science quizlet
1. Which of the following terms refers to the degeneration of nerve tissue?
- A. Potentiation
- B. Demyelination
- C. Reuptake
- D. Neurogenesis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Demyelination specifically refers to the degeneration of the myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers. When demyelination occurs, nerve function and communication can be impaired. Potentiation involves the strengthening of synaptic connections, reuptake is the reabsorption process of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron, and neurogenesis is the generation of new neurons. Therefore, the correct term for the degeneration of nerve tissue among the options provided is demyelination.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?
- A. They are solid at room temperature.
- B. They contain only single bonds.
- C. They have a higher melting point.
- D. They contain double or triple bonds.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Unsaturated fatty acids are characterized by the presence of double or triple bonds in their carbon chain. These bonds introduce kinks in the chain, preventing tight packing, and resulting in a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids. Choice A is incorrect because unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature due to their kinked structure. Choice B is incorrect because unsaturated fatty acids contain double or triple bonds, not only single bonds. Choice C is incorrect as unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids.
3. Bone is primarily composed of which of the following inorganic materials?
- A. calcium
- B. magnesium
- C. collagen
- D. potassium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Bone is primarily composed of calcium, making up about 70% of its inorganic content. Calcium is essential for bone strength and structure, playing a key role in maintaining bone health. Choice B, magnesium, while important for bone health, is found in smaller amounts in bones compared to calcium. Choice C, collagen, is a protein and is a major organic component of bone, not an inorganic material. Choice D, potassium, is an essential mineral for various bodily functions but is not a primary inorganic material found in bones.
4. Which type of chemical reaction produces a salt?
- A. An oxidation reaction
- B. A neutralization reaction
- C. A synthesis reaction
- D. A decomposition reaction
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, a neutralization reaction. In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water. This process involves the combination of H+ ions from the acid and OH- ions from the base to form water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt. Therefore, a neutralization reaction is the specific type of chemical reaction that produces a salt. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. An oxidation reaction involves the loss of electrons, a synthesis reaction involves the formation of a compound from simpler substances, and a decomposition reaction involves the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. None of these reactions directly lead to the production of a salt, making them incorrect choices in this context.
5. What is the function of the epiglottis?
- A. Produces saliva
- B. Senses taste
- C. Prevents food from entering the windpipe
- D. Filters blood
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue that covers the opening of the windpipe (trachea) during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway. This action ensures that food and liquids are directed to the esophagus and down into the stomach, rather than entering the respiratory system, which could lead to choking or aspiration pneumonia. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they describe functions of other structures in the body that are not related to the role of the epiglottis.
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