Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements represents an exaggerated claim in support of the argument presented in this passage?

• A. In the United States, the foreign language requirement for high school graduation varies depending on the state.
• B. Studying a foreign language is crucial for success in the global economy.
• C. High school graduates with foreign language credits have a higher college acceptance rate.
• D. Students who did not study a foreign language are completely unable to secure any job.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it is an exaggerated claim to state that students who did not study a foreign language are completely unable to secure any job. While proficiency in a foreign language may enhance job prospects, it is unrealistic to suggest that not studying one would render someone unemployable. Choice A provides a factual statement about the variation in foreign language requirements, so it cannot be considered an exaggeration. Choices B and C highlight the increasing importance of foreign language skills and the benefits of having them, which are supported by trends and studies. These choices may be debatable, but they are not exaggerated claims.

2. What most likely describes the relationship between the author and Alan?

• A. competitive
• B. formal
• C. friendly
• D. caring

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most likely description of the relationship between the author and Alan is friendly. The author's message to Alan is filled with warmth, concern, and offers of help, indicating a positive and supportive tone. The use of phrases like 'I just wanted to drop you a quick note' and 'Let me know if you want any special treats' reflect a friendly and amicable relationship. Choices A, B, and D are not as suitable as competitive, formal, or caring relationships do not align as strongly with the friendly and supportive nature of the interaction described in the text.

3. Which of the following stories' messages is significantly distorted through the use of an irrelevant detail?

• A. A soft profile about a local politician's part-time rock band that mentions his political differences with his bandmates
• B. A feature story of a local business owner running for political office in which she admits to having employed illegal laborers
• C. A profile of several local Jewish and Arab business leaders that mentions ongoing hostilities in the Middle East
• D. A news report about a local citizen protesting property tax rates that includes details about an immigration violation he committed twenty years previously

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. In the news report about a local citizen protesting property tax rates that includes details about an immigration violation he committed twenty years previously, the irrelevant detail about the immigration violation distracts from the main message of the protest against property tax rates. The inclusion of this detail shifts the focus away from the citizen's current concerns and the reasons for his protest, thus distorting the story's message. Choices A, B, and C do not include irrelevant details that significantly distort the main messages of the stories. Choice A mentions political differences with bandmates but still focuses on the politician's part-time rock band. Choice B discusses the employment of illegal laborers but remains centered on the business owner's political aspirations. Choice C talks about ongoing hostilities in the Middle East but does not veer away from the main focus on the local Jewish and Arab business leaders.

4. According to the passage, what effect does encountering an automobile with eighteen wheels have on the hypothesis 'All automobiles have only four wheels'?

• A. It proves the hypothesis.
• B. It raises the hypothesis's probability.
• C. It disproves the hypothesis.
• D. It decreases the hypothesis's probability.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Encountering an automobile with eighteen wheels contradicts the hypothesis that all automobiles have only four wheels. This contradicts the initial hypothesis, proving it to be false. The passage explains that when evidence disproves a hypothesis, it directly contradicts the hypothesis, leading to its disproof. In the context of the monkey example provided, encountering a hairless monkey out of many hairy monkeys disproved the hypothesis 'All monkeys are hairy.' Therefore, the presence of an automobile with eighteen wheels disproves the hypothesis that all automobiles have only four wheels. Other choices are incorrect because encountering such an automobile directly contradicts the initial hypothesis, leading to its disproof, rather than proving it, raising its probability, or decreasing its probability.

5. What is the word 'principal' referring to in the following text?

• A. Primary or chief
• B. An acolyte
• C. An individual who provides nurturing
• D. One in a subordinate position

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the provided text, 'principal' is referring to the primary or chief individual. The principal secretary for private affairs is considered second only to the treasurer, indicating a position of high importance. The term 'acolyte' (Choice B) refers to a ceremonial assistant, which does not fit the context. 'An individual who provides nurturing' (Choice C) and 'One in a subordinate position' (Choice D) do not accurately describe the role of the 'principal' in the text.

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