Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following organs is responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Liver
• C. Heart
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver. The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs. It also produces bile for digestion. The liver contains enzymes that help metabolize drugs and toxins, making them easier for the body to eliminate. The kidneys are primarily responsible for filtering blood and regulating fluid balance, the heart's main function is to pump blood, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin, but they do not have the primary function of detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs.

2. Which term refers to the relaxation of the heart muscle?

• A. Diastole
• B. Systole
• C. Asystole
• D. Cardiastole

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastole. Diastole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. Systole, on the other hand, refers to the contraction phase of the heart when it pumps blood out. Asystole is the absence of heart contractions, often referred to as cardiac arrest. Cardiastole is not a recognized medical term in relation to heart muscle relaxation, making it an incorrect choice.

3. Following successful heart transplant surgery, the patient's body will need to take medications to:

• A. Suppress the immune system and prevent rejection of the new heart.
• B. Reduce overall blood pressure.
• C. Dissolve any remaining blood clots.
• D. Stimulate the growth of new heart tissue.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: After heart transplant surgery, the patient's body will need to take medications to suppress the immune system and prevent rejection of the new heart. This is essential to ensure that the body does not identify the transplanted heart as a foreign entity and mount an immune response against it, which could lead to transplant rejection and failure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because post-heart transplant medications primarily focus on preventing rejection by suppressing the immune system, rather than reducing blood pressure, dissolving blood clots, or stimulating the growth of new heart tissue.

4. During exercise, heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen to the body's tissues. What other cardiovascular response also increases?

• A. Blood pressure decreases
• B. Blood vessel diameter narrows
• C. Blood flow to muscles increases
• D. Blood viscosity thickens

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During exercise, the cardiovascular response includes an increase in blood flow to the muscles to deliver more oxygen and nutrients needed for energy production. This helps to support the increased demand for oxygen and nutrients by the working muscles. Blood pressure typically increases during exercise to help facilitate this increased blood flow to the muscles. Additionally, blood vessel diameter may widen (vasodilation) to allow for more blood flow, rather than narrow. Blood viscosity does not typically thicken during exercise.

5. What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

• A. Produce insulin
• B. Facilitate gas exchange between mother and fetus
• C. Excrete waste products from the fetus
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the placenta during pregnancy is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother and the fetus. This ensures that the fetus receives oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide, supporting its growth and development. While the placenta also allows for the transfer of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus, its main role is to ensure proper gas exchange. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary role of the placenta is not to produce insulin or excrete waste products from the fetus. Selecting the correct answer, choice B, highlights the crucial role of the placenta in providing oxygen to the fetus and removing carbon dioxide, which are essential for fetal well-being and development.

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