which of the following is the most common cause of shock in infants and children

ATI LPN

LPN Pediatrics

1. What is the MOST common cause of shock in infants and children?

A. Severe allergic reaction
B. Dehydration
C. Accidental poisoning
D. Cardiac failure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dehydration is the most common cause of shock in infants and children. In children, the body's fluid reserves are smaller compared to adults, making them more susceptible to dehydration, which can lead to shock if not promptly addressed. Severe allergic reactions, accidental poisoning, and cardiac failure can also cause shock, but dehydration is the most frequent cause in this age group.

2. When assessing a 30-year-old female who was sexually assaulted, what is the MOST important action for you to take?

A. Have a female healthcare provider perform the assessment.
B. Advise against showering or changing clothes.
C. Acknowledge that the patient is a potential crime scene.
D. Ensure that all life-threatening injuries are treated.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In cases of sexual assault, the priority is to address any life-threatening injuries first before proceeding with other aspects of care. Although preserving evidence and approaching the situation with sensitivity are crucial, immediate treatment of life-threatening conditions takes precedence to ensure the patient's well-being and safety. Having a female healthcare provider, advising against showering or changing clothes, and acknowledging the patient as a potential crime scene are important but secondary considerations compared to addressing any life-threatening injuries promptly.

3. In counseling the parents of a child with hypopituitarism, Nurse Gyimah is asked about their child's condition. Which of the following phrases, if stated by the nurse, best describes the condition?

A. Linear growth retardation with skeletal proportions normal for chronologic age
B. A complete normal growth pattern, but with the onset of precocious puberty
C. Normal growth for the first five years, followed by progressive linear growth retardation
D. Growth retardation in which height and weight are equally affected

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hypopituitarism is characterized by linear growth retardation with skeletal proportions normal for chronologic age. This means that although the child experiences growth retardation, their skeletal proportions are appropriate for their age, which distinguishes it from other conditions like precocious puberty or equal height and weight affectation. Choice B is incorrect as hypopituitarism does not involve precocious puberty. Choice C is wrong as it describes a different growth pattern not typical of hypopituitarism. Choice D is also incorrect as in hypopituitarism, height and weight are not equally affected, rather the focus is on linear growth retardation with normal skeletal proportions.

4. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

A. Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.
B. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable.
C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months.
D. SIDS is uncommon in infants older than 1 year of age.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night, although it most commonly occurs during sleep. SIDS is sudden and unpredictable, making it challenging to prevent in all cases. While most cases occur in infants younger than 6 months, it is not limited to this age group. SIDS is not uncommon in infants older than 1 year of age, although less common than in younger infants.

5. Seizures in children MOST often result from:

A. a life-threatening infection.
B. an inflammatory process in the brain.
C. an abrupt rise in body temperature.
D. a temperature greater than 102°F.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Seizures in children most often result from febrile seizures, which are triggered by an abrupt rise in body temperature. Febrile seizures are common in young children, especially between the ages of 6 months to 5 years, and are usually associated with viral infections that cause a sudden spike in body temperature. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while infections, inflammatory processes, and high temperatures can sometimes lead to seizures, the most common cause of seizures in children is an abrupt increase in body temperature, known as febrile seizures.