Nursing Elites

1. Non-pharmacological techniques can help lower blood pressure. Which of the following is not considered one of these types of techniques?

• A. Dietary changes
• B. Multivitamins
• C. Smoking cessation
• D. Limiting caffeine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Multivitamins are not typically considered a non-pharmacological technique for lowering blood pressure. While dietary changes, smoking cessation, and limiting caffeine intake can positively impact blood pressure levels, multivitamins are generally not specifically recommended as a primary intervention for this purpose. Dietary changes can include reducing salt intake and increasing potassium-rich foods, which are known to help manage blood pressure. Smoking cessation is crucial due to the negative impact of smoking on blood pressure and overall cardiovascular health. Limiting caffeine intake is advised as excessive caffeine consumption can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure. Therefore, focusing on lifestyle modifications like healthy eating, smoking cessation, and caffeine reduction is more effective in managing blood pressure than relying on multivitamins.

2. The Andrews family has been taking good care of their youngest, Archie, who was diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements indicate a need for further home care teaching?

• A. He should increase his fluid intake regularly to thin secretions.
• B. We'll make sure he avoids exercise to prevent attacks.
• C. He is to use his bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler.
• D. We need to identify what triggers his attacks.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Avoiding exercise entirely is not recommended for asthma management. Regular exercise can actually help strengthen the lungs and improve overall respiratory function. Teaching should focus on appropriate exercise routines that are suitable for individuals with asthma to prevent attacks. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate and indicate good understanding of asthma management. Increasing fluid intake helps thin secretions, using the bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler follows the correct order of inhaler administration, and identifying triggers is essential for asthma control.

3. How can the nurse best assess that the parents demonstrate understanding of the dressing change procedure prior to discharge for their child with burns?

• A. The parents explaining the importance of using sterile technique to the nurse.
• B. The nurse observing the parents changing the dressing using appropriate technique.
• C. The parents observing the nurse changing the dressing and confirming their understanding of the procedure.
• D. The nurse allowing the parents to explain the dressing change procedure and perform it in private to boost their confidence.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most effective way for the nurse to assess the parents' understanding of the dressing change procedure is by observing them as they change the dressing using the correct technique. This direct observation ensures that the parents are able to perform the task correctly and confidently before discharge. Merely verbalizing or explaining the procedure may not accurately reflect the parents' competency in performing the actual task. Choice A involves the parents explaining to the nurse, which does not directly assess their practical skills. Choice C suggests the parents observing the nurse, which does not evaluate the parents' ability to perform the task independently. Choice D focuses on boosting the parents' confidence but does not directly assess their understanding and competency in performing the dressing change.

4. Management for a woman presenting with a prolapsed umbilical cord includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

• A. lifting the baby's head off the umbilical cord.
• B. placing the mother in a position that elevates her hips.
• C. ensuring that the cord stays moist during transport.
• D. relieving pressure off the cord by gently pulling on it.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In cases of prolapsed umbilical cord, it is crucial to manage the situation promptly. The correct steps include lifting the baby's head off the umbilical cord to reduce pressure, placing the mother in a position that elevates her hips to relieve pressure on the cord, and ensuring that the cord stays moist. Pulling on the cord is not recommended as it can further compromise fetal circulation and should be avoided. Therefore, relieving pressure off the cord by gently pulling on it is not a recommended management approach in cases of prolapsed umbilical cord.

5. Which position is MOST appropriate for a mother in labor with a prolapsed umbilical cord?

• A. Supine with legs elevated
• B. Supine with hips elevated
• C. Left lateral recumbent
• D. Left side with legs elevated

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate position for a mother in labor with a prolapsed umbilical cord is supine with hips elevated. This position helps reduce pressure on the cord, preventing further complications and ensuring optimal blood flow to the fetus.

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