Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the carbohydrate monomer?

• A. Disaccharide
• B. Lactose
• C. Monosaccharide
• D. Thymine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit. They are considered the carbohydrate monomers from which larger carbohydrates like disaccharides (composed of two sugar units) and polysaccharides (containing multiple sugar units) are built. Choices A and B, Disaccharide and Lactose, are not monomers but rather specific types of carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar units. Choice D, Thymine, is a nitrogenous base present in DNA and RNA, not a carbohydrate monomer.

2. Which type of immunity does the MMR vaccine provide?

• A. Artificial/active
• B. Artificial/passive
• C. Natural/active
• D. Natural/passive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Artificial/active. The MMR vaccine provides artificial/active immunity. It works by introducing a weakened or killed form of the virus to trigger the body's immune response, leading to the production of antibodies that offer long-lasting protection against measles, mumps, and rubella. Artificial immunity is obtained through medical intervention, such as vaccination, while active immunity involves the immune system's direct response to an antigen. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the MMR vaccine does not provide passive immunity nor is it acquired naturally; instead, it stimulates the body to actively produce its immune response.

3. What is the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?

• A. 74.1 g/mol
• B. 132.1 g/mol
• C. 164.1 g/mol
• D. 78.1 g/mol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2, we add up the individual atomic masses of its elements: Ca (40.08) + 2N (2 * 14.01) + 6O (6 * 16.00) = 40.08 + 28.02 + 96.00 = 164.1 g/mol. Therefore, the correct answer is 164.1 g/mol (Choice C). Choice A (74.1 g/mol) is incorrect as it does not account for the correct sum of atomic masses. Choice B (132.1 g/mol) is the correct molar mass calculation for Ca(NO3)2. Choice D (78.1 g/mol) is incorrect and does not reflect the accurate molar mass of the compound.

4. Imagine you have an element with atomic number 11 and mass number 23. How many neutrons does it have?

• A. 11
• B. 12
• C. 23
• D. 21

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - The atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, the element has an atomic number of 11. - The mass number (A) of an element is the sum of its protons and neutrons. Given that the mass number is 23 and the atomic number is 11, we can calculate the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number: Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 23 - 11 = 12. - Therefore, the element with atomic number 11 and mass number 23 has 12 neutrons.

5. What is the end product of glycolysis?

• A. Lactic acid
• B. ATP
• C. NADPH
• D. Pyruvic acid

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pyruvic acid. The end product of glycolysis is pyruvic acid, not lactic acid, ATP, or NADPH. Pyruvic acid is a key intermediary in cellular respiration and can be further metabolized to produce energy through processes like the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactic acid is produced in the absence of oxygen during fermentation, ATP is a product of cellular respiration but not the direct end product of glycolysis, and NADPH is generated in other metabolic pathways such as the pentose phosphate pathway, not in glycolysis.

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