Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the base that will bind with cytosine?

• A. Adenine
• B. Cytosine
• C. Guanine
• D. Thymine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adenine is the correct answer as it is the base that binds with cytosine through hydrogen bonding in DNA, forming the A-T base pair. Cytosine always pairs with guanine to form the G-C base pair. Thymine pairs with adenine in DNA, not with cytosine.

2. Which type of tissue provides support and structure to the body?

• A. Muscle tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Nervous tissue
• D. Epithelial tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Connective tissue is the correct answer as it provides support, structure, and strength to the body by holding tissues and organs in place. Muscle tissue is primarily responsible for movement, nervous tissue for communication, and epithelial tissue for covering and lining surfaces. While muscle tissue allows for voluntary and involuntary movement, nervous tissue transmits electrical signals, and epithelial tissue acts as a protective barrier and is involved in absorption and secretion. Therefore, in the context of providing support and structure, connective tissue is the most appropriate choice.

3. Which of the following layers of skin acts as an energy reserve by storing adipocytes and releasing them into circulation when energy is needed?

• A. epidermis
• B. dermis
• C. hypodermis
• D. stratum basale

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous tissue, is the deepest layer of the skin. This layer contains adipocytes (fat cells) that act as an energy reserve by storing excess energy in the form of fat. When energy is needed, these stored fats can be released into circulation to be used by the body's cells. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, primarily responsible for providing a protective barrier. The dermis lies between the epidermis and hypodermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, and structures like hair follicles and sweat glands. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis, responsible for cell renewal and regeneration.

4. Which type of capillary is the most common and least permeable?

• A. Fenestrated capillaries
• B. Sinusoidal capillaries
• C. Continuous capillaries
• D. Discontinuous capillaries

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, continuous capillaries. Continuous capillaries are the most common and least permeable type of capillary. They are found in most tissues, including muscle and the nervous system. Continuous capillaries have a continuous endothelium without fenestrations or large gaps, which limits the movement of substances across their walls. Choice A, fenestrated capillaries, have pores (fenestrations) in their endothelial cells, making them more permeable than continuous capillaries. Choice B, sinusoidal capillaries, have a discontinuous endothelium with large gaps between cells, making them more permeable and allowing larger molecules and cells to pass through compared to continuous capillaries. Choice D, discontinuous capillaries, are similar to sinusoidal capillaries with a discontinuous endothelium, allowing for enhanced permeability compared to continuous capillaries.

5. Which muscular pouch in the upper left abdomen stores food after swallowing and begins mechanical and chemical digestion?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stomach. The stomach is the muscular pouch in the upper left abdomen that stores food after swallowing and begins mechanical and chemical digestion. It secretes gastric juices containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid to break down food particles. The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach, while the small intestine and large intestine are primarily involved in the absorption of nutrients and water, respectively. Therefore, the stomach is the organ responsible for the described functions, making it the correct answer in this context.

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