Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about DNA?

• A. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 5' to 3'.
• B. DNA contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes.
• C. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 3' to 5'.
• D. DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because DNA is typically read from the 5' end to the 3' end, not from 3' to 5'. Choices A, B, and D are all true statements about DNA. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read in a 5' to 3' direction. DNA also contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes. Additionally, DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.

2. Which part of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions, such as thought and action?

• A. Amygdala
• B. Brain stem
• C. Cerebellum
• D. Cerebrum

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The cerebrum is the correct answer as it is responsible for higher brain functions like thought and action. The amygdala (Choice A) is involved in emotions and emotional responses, not higher brain functions. The brain stem (Choice B) controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, not higher brain functions. The cerebellum (Choice C) is mainly responsible for motor control and coordination, not higher brain functions like thought and action.

3. What is the process of converting lactic acid back into pyruvate called?

• A. Glycolysis
• B. Gluconeogenesis
• C. Cori cycle
• D. Oxidative phosphorylation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate. B) Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. C) The Cori cycle is the process by which lactic acid produced by anaerobic metabolism in muscles is transported to the liver and converted back into glucose or pyruvate. D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is synthesized using energy derived from the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain.

4. What is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney?

• A. Neuron
• B. Nephron
• C. Glomerulus
• D. Axon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Nephron. The nephron is indeed the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for filtering blood, regulating electrolytes, maintaining fluid balance, and removing waste products. Choice A, Neuron, is incorrect as neurons are nerve cells, not specific to kidney function. Choice C, Glomerulus, is a component of the nephron but not the entire functional unit. Choice D, Axon, is a part of nerve cells and is not related to kidney structure or function.

5. Two identical balls, one made of clay and the other made of steel, are dropped from the same height. Which ball reaches the ground first, neglecting air resistance?

• A. The clay ball due to its lower density
• B. The steel ball due to its higher density
• C. Both balls reach the ground simultaneously
• D. It depends on the initial velocities of the balls

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the absence of air resistance, both balls will experience the same acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2) regardless of their densities or materials. This means that both balls will reach the ground at the same time, assuming they are dropped from the same height simultaneously. The differences in density or material composition do not affect the rate at which objects fall in a vacuum. Therefore, both the clay and steel balls, being identical in shape and starting position, will have the same free-fall acceleration and will hit the ground simultaneously. Choices A and B are incorrect because the density of the materials does not impact the time it takes for objects to fall under gravity alone. Choice D is incorrect as the initial velocities do not play a role in the time taken to fall in a vacuum, where only the acceleration due to gravity affects the motion.

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