Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?

• A. Ionic bond
• B. Covalent bond
• C. Metallic bond
• D. Gravitational bond

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are all types of chemical bonds that involve the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms. An ionic bond occurs when one atom donates an electron to another, creating positive and negative ions that attract each other. A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Metallic bonds are formed between metal atoms where electrons are delocalized and move freely among the metal ions. On the other hand, a gravitational bond is not a type of chemical bond. It refers to the force of attraction between two objects with mass, such as the gravitational force between the Earth and objects on its surface. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Gravitational bond.'

2. What is the term for the process of breaking a large molecule into smaller fragments by applying heat?

• A. Polymerization
• B. Hydrogenation
• C. Isomerization
• D. Pyrolysis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Pyrolysis is the correct answer. It is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller fragments by applying heat in the absence of oxygen. This results in the decomposition of molecules into simpler compounds. Polymerization, the process of synthesizing large molecules from smaller units, is incorrect as it is the opposite process. Hydrogenation involves adding hydrogen atoms to a compound, usually with a catalyst, which is not related to breaking down large molecules. Isomerization refers to rearranging atoms within a molecule to form isomeric compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements, which is also unrelated to the process described in the question.

3. What is surgically altered during a vasectomy?

• A. Vas deferens
• B. Glans penis
• C. Prostate
• D. Urethra

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During a vasectomy, the vas deferens is surgically altered or cut to prevent the transport of sperm from the testicles to the urethra. This procedure is a form of permanent male sterilization. The glans penis, prostate, and urethra are not surgically altered during a vasectomy. Therefore, the correct answer is the vas deferens (Choice A), as it is the structure specifically targeted and modified in this procedure. The glans penis (Choice B) is the sensitive tip of the penis, the prostate (Choice C) is a gland vital for semen production but not involved in a vasectomy, and the urethra (Choice D) is the tube that carries urine and semen but is not surgically altered in a vasectomy.

4. What type of bond forms between elements when they share electrons?

• A. Covalent bond
• B. Ionic bond
• C. Metallic bond
• D. Hydrogen bond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Covalent bond. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons, leading to the creation of a strong attraction that holds them together. This type of bond is characterized by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, resulting in the formation of molecules. Choice B, Ionic bond, involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating charged ions that attract each other. Choice C, Metallic bond, refers to the sharing of electrons among a sea of delocalized electrons in a metal structure. Choice D, Hydrogen bond, is a weak electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen, not involving the sharing of electrons.

5. Which skin condition is characterized by patches of inflamed, reddened skin and is often triggered by allergens or stress?

• A. Eczema
• B. Psoriasis
• C. Acne
• D. Vitiligo

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Eczema is the correct answer. It presents as patches of inflamed, reddened skin and can be triggered by allergens, stress, or other factors. Psoriasis, on the other hand, is characterized by red, scaly patches rather than inflamed and reddened skin. Acne manifests as pimples and blemishes, not patches of inflamed skin. Vitiligo is characterized by the loss of skin color in patches, which is distinct from the symptoms described in the question.

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