Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?

• A. Ionic bond
• B. Covalent bond
• C. Metallic bond
• D. Gravitational bond

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are all types of chemical bonds that involve the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms. An ionic bond occurs when one atom donates an electron to another, creating positive and negative ions that attract each other. A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Metallic bonds are formed between metal atoms where electrons are delocalized and move freely among the metal ions. On the other hand, a gravitational bond is not a type of chemical bond. It refers to the force of attraction between two objects with mass, such as the gravitational force between the Earth and objects on its surface. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Gravitational bond.'

2. Which condition can lead to blood clots and stroke?

• A. Aneurysm
• B. Arrhythmia
• C. Asthma
• D. Hypertension

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hypertension is the correct answer. Hypertension can cause damage to blood vessels, increasing the risk of blood clots forming, which can potentially lead to a stroke. Aneurysm is a localized, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel that can lead to complications but does not directly cause blood clots and strokes. Arrhythmia refers to irregular heart rhythms and is not directly linked to the formation of blood clots. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition and does not typically lead to blood clots and strokes.

3. What are energy levels and orbitals?

• A. Energy levels are the paths that electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom, and orbitals are the regions where electrons are most likely to be found.
• B. Energy levels are the regions where electrons are most likely to be found, and orbitals are the paths that electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom.
• C. Energy levels are the same as orbitals.
• D. Energy levels and orbitals do not exist.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Energy levels refer to the specific energies that electrons in an atom can have, while orbitals are the regions within an atom where electrons are most likely to be found. Electrons do not travel in fixed paths around the nucleus like planets around the sun, as suggested in option B. Option C is incorrect because energy levels and orbitals are distinct concepts in atomic structure. Option D is incorrect as energy levels and orbitals are fundamental concepts in understanding the behavior of electrons in atoms.

4. How is power related to work and time?

• A. Power = Work ÷ Time
• B. Power = Work × Time
• C. Power = Work + Time
• D. Power = Work - Time

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or the amount of work done per unit of time. The correct formula to relate power, work, and time is Power = Work ÷ Time. This formula shows that power is calculated by dividing the amount of work done by the time taken to do that work, indicating the rate at which work is being done. Choice B (Power = Work × Time) is incorrect because multiplying work and time does not yield a measure of power. Choice C (Power = Work + Time) is incorrect as adding work and time does not define power. Choice D (Power = Work - Time) is also incorrect because subtracting work and time does not relate to the concept of power.

5. What term describes a series of muscle contractions that transports food down the digestive tract in a wave-like fashion?

• A. digestion
• B. deglutition
• C. defecation
• D. peristalsis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct term for the series of muscle contractions that move food down the digestive tract in a wave-like manner. This process helps propel food through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, facilitating digestion and nutrient absorption. Digestion (Choice A) refers to the breakdown of food into smaller components, deglutition (Choice B) is the act of swallowing, and defecation (Choice C) is the elimination of waste from the body. Therefore, peristalsis is the most appropriate term to describe the described muscle contractions in the digestive system.

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