Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?

• A. Ionic bond
• B. Covalent bond
• C. Metallic bond
• D. Gravitational bond

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are all types of chemical bonds that involve the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms. An ionic bond occurs when one atom donates an electron to another, creating positive and negative ions that attract each other. A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Metallic bonds are formed between metal atoms where electrons are delocalized and move freely among the metal ions. On the other hand, a gravitational bond is not a type of chemical bond. It refers to the force of attraction between two objects with mass, such as the gravitational force between the Earth and objects on its surface. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Gravitational bond.'

2. Which is the correct order of formed elements in blood from smallest to largest cell size?

• A. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and leukocytes
• B. Thrombocytes, leukocytes, and erythrocytes
• C. Thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and leukocytes
• D. Leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of formed elements in blood from smallest to largest cell size is thrombocytes (platelets), erythrocytes (red blood cells), and leukocytes (white blood cells), making choice C the correct answer. Thrombocytes are the smallest, followed by erythrocytes, and then leukocytes. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct order of cell size in blood formed elements.

3. Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement?

• A. Synergist
• B. Agonist
• C. Antagonist
• D. Flexor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Antagonist.' An antagonist muscle is a muscle that lengthens while another muscle (agonist) contracts to produce movement. The antagonist muscle relaxes to allow the agonist muscle to contract effectively. In this scenario, the antagonist muscle works in opposition to the agonist muscle, providing control and precision to movement. The other choices are incorrect because a synergist muscle assists the agonist muscle in performing a movement, an agonist muscle is the primary muscle responsible for generating movement, and a flexor muscle is a muscle that decreases the angle at a joint.

4. Which organ system is most responsible for maintaining control of body temperature?

• A. The skeletal system.
• B. The circulatory system.
• C. The immune system.
• D. The muscular system.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in maintaining control of body temperature through a process called thermoregulation. Blood vessels near the skin surface dilate to dissipate heat when the body is too warm and constrict to reduce heat loss when it's too cold. Additionally, the circulatory system helps distribute heat produced from metabolic processes throughout the body to keep a stable internal temperature. The skeletal system provides structural support, the immune system defends against pathogens, and the muscular system is responsible for movement, but they are not primarily involved in regulating body temperature.

5. Which structure in the female reproductive system is responsible for producing eggs (ova)?

• A. Fallopian tubes
• B. Ovaries
• C. Uterus
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the ovaries. Ovaries are the primary reproductive organs in females responsible for producing eggs (ova) through a process known as oogenesis. Ova are released from the ovaries during ovulation and can be fertilized by sperm in the fallopian tubes. The uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus, while the vagina serves as the birth canal and a site for sexual intercourse. Fallopian tubes are responsible for transporting eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and are the site where fertilization typically occurs. Therefore, while important for the reproductive process, the fallopian tubes do not produce eggs.

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