Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a primary producer in an ecosystem?

• A. Grass
• B. Deer
• C. Algae
• D. Mushroom

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - A) Grass: Grass is a primary producer because it can photosynthesize and convert sunlight into energy, making it the base of the food chain. - B) Deer: Deer are consumers that feed on primary producers like grass, so they are not primary producers themselves. - C) Algae: Algae are primary producers that can photosynthesize and produce energy from sunlight. - D) Mushroom: Mushrooms are decomposers that break down organic matter, so they are not primary producers.

2. Which of the following best describes a chemical change?

• A. Melting ice to form water
• B. Dissolving sugar in water
• C. Burning wood to produce ash
• D. Crushing a can to reduce its size

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A chemical change involves a chemical reaction where new substances are formed. Burning wood to produce ash is an example of a chemical change because the wood undergoes a chemical reaction to form a new substance (ash). In this process, the chemical composition of wood changes to produce ash, which is a new substance. On the other hand, melting ice to form water, dissolving sugar in water, and crushing a can to reduce its size are examples of physical changes. In these instances, the substances may change their physical state or appearance but do not undergo a chemical reaction to form new substances. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it represents a chemical change, while choices A, B, and D represent physical changes.

3. What are the primary differences between systemic and pulmonary circulation?

• A. Systemic circulation is shorter and has lower blood pressure
• B. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and has higher blood pressure
• C. Systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure
• D. Systemic circulation is shorter but has higher blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Systemic circulation is longer as it involves carrying oxygenated blood throughout the body, requiring higher blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and involves the flow of blood only through the lungs, hence having lower blood pressure. Therefore, systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure compared to pulmonary circulation. Choice A is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, and has higher blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as pulmonary circulation has lower blood pressure, not higher. Choice D is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, despite having higher blood pressure.

4. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement. Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Cardiac muscle
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cardiac muscle is the type of muscle tissue found in the heart. Unlike skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, meaning it contracts without conscious control. It forms the majority of the heart's structure and is essential for its rhythmic contraction to pump blood throughout the body. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements, while smooth muscle is found in organs and blood vessels, controlling various involuntary functions like digestion and blood flow. Therefore, choices A (Skeletal muscle) and B (Smooth muscle) are incorrect as they are not the types of muscle tissue found in the heart.

5. Which of the following terms refers to the degeneration of nerve tissue?

• A. Potentiation
• B. Demyelination
• C. Reuptake
• D. Neurogenesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Demyelination specifically refers to the degeneration of the myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers. When demyelination occurs, nerve function and communication can be impaired. Potentiation involves the strengthening of synaptic connections, reuptake is the reabsorption process of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron, and neurogenesis is the generation of new neurons. Therefore, the correct term for the degeneration of nerve tissue among the options provided is demyelination.

Similar Questions