Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of pregnancy?

• A. Fatigue
• B. Nausea
• C. Increased urination
• D. Loss of appetite

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Loss of appetite.' Loss of appetite is not a common symptom of pregnancy. In fact, many pregnant individuals experience an increase in appetite due to hormonal changes and increased energy needs during pregnancy. Fatigue, nausea, and increased urination are more commonly reported symptoms during pregnancy. Fatigue is often experienced due to hormonal changes and the body's increased metabolic demands during pregnancy. Nausea, commonly known as morning sickness, is a well-known symptom experienced by many pregnant individuals. Increased urination is a common symptom in pregnancy due to hormonal changes leading to increased blood flow to the kidneys and increased fluid processing by the body.

2. What is the function of the lymphatic system?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To filter waste from the blood
• C. To produce red blood cells
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues, absorbing fats from the digestive system, and filtering out harmful substances and waste products from the blood. It also plays a crucial role in the body's immune defense by transporting white blood cells and antibodies to fight off infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting oxygen, producing red blood cells, and regulating body temperature are functions performed by other systems in the body, such as the respiratory system, bone marrow, and thermoregulatory mechanisms, respectively.

3. Dense irregular connective tissue, found in tendons and ligaments, provides:

• A. Flexibility
• B. Lubrication
• C. Insulation
• D. Tensile strength

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dense irregular connective tissue, found in tendons and ligaments, provides tensile strength. Tendons and ligaments need to withstand tension and forces acting upon them, and the dense irregular connective tissue helps provide this strength and support. Choice A, flexibility, is incorrect because tendons and ligaments primarily provide support and stability rather than flexibility. Choice B, lubrication, is not the main function of dense irregular connective tissue in tendons and ligaments. Choice C, insulation, is also incorrect as this tissue type is not primarily involved in providing insulation.

4. What is the process by which cells respond to external stimuli, such as chemicals, temperature, or touch, called?

• A. Signal transduction
• B. Homeostasis
• C. Adaptation
• D. Metabolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Signal transduction is the correct answer. It is the process by which cells respond to external stimuli like chemicals, temperature, or touch. When a cell receives a signal from its environment, it triggers a series of molecular events leading to a specific cellular response. This process involves transmitting signals from the cell surface to the interior, triggering various cellular activities. Homeostasis, on the other hand, refers to an organism's ability to maintain internal stability in response to external changes. Adaptation involves an organism adjusting to its environment over time through genetic changes or behavioral modifications, which is distinct from the process of cells responding to immediate external stimuli. Metabolism, although essential for cellular functions, is not specifically about cells responding to external stimuli but rather the biochemical processes involved in energy production, storage, and utilization within cells.

5. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

• A. Time
• B. Dog weight
• C. Dog species
• D. Dog food type

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable. In this experiment, the researcher is likely changing the type of dog food, and this manipulation is what impacts the outcome being measured. Therefore, 'Dog food type' is the independent variable. Choices A, B, and C do not represent the variable being intentionally changed by the researcher, making them dependent variables or other factors not directly controlled or manipulated in this experiment.

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