Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of the location and function of cartilage in the body?

• A. The dense connective tissue that makes up the majority of the structural skeleton
• B. The supportive pads that provide cushioning at joints, such as between the vertebrae of the spinal cord
• C. The connective structure made of fibrous collagen that connects muscles and bones
• D. The layer beneath the skin and on the outside of internal organs that provides cushioning and protection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue that acts as supportive pads providing cushioning at joints, like those found between the vertebrae of the spine. This specific function of cartilage helps in reducing friction and absorbing shock in these areas, contributing to joint flexibility and protection. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately describe the function and location of cartilage in the body. Option A incorrectly refers to dense connective tissue, which is different from cartilage. Option C describes tendons or ligaments, which are not cartilage. Option D refers to adipose tissue, which is a type of connective tissue that stores fat and provides insulation, but it is not cartilage.

2. Imagine you have an element with atomic number 11 and mass number 23. How many neutrons does it have?

• A. 11
• B. 12
• C. 23
• D. 21

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - The atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, the element has an atomic number of 11. - The mass number (A) of an element is the sum of its protons and neutrons. Given that the mass number is 23 and the atomic number is 11, we can calculate the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number: Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 23 - 11 = 12. - Therefore, the element with atomic number 11 and mass number 23 has 12 neutrons.

3. Which term describes a substance's ability to undergo a change that transforms it into a different substance?

• A. Density
• B. Mass
• C. Reactivity
• D. Volume

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reactivity refers to a substance's ability to undergo a change that transforms it into a different substance through a chemical reaction. In this context, reactivity specifically refers to the chemical behavior of a substance. Density, mass, and volume are physical properties of a substance and do not describe its ability to undergo a chemical change. Density is the mass per unit volume, mass is the amount of matter in an object, and volume is the amount of space occupied by an object. Therefore, reactivity is the most appropriate term to describe a substance's ability to undergo a transformation into a different substance.

4. What is the primary function of the kidneys?

• A. To digest food
• B. To filter blood and produce urine
• C. To absorb nutrients
• D. To transport oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and remove waste products from the body, producing urine in the process. This function helps in maintaining the body's internal environment stable, a process known as homeostasis. Option A, 'To digest food,' is incorrect as digestion primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal system, not in the kidneys. Option C, 'To absorb nutrients,' is also incorrect because nutrient absorption mainly takes place in the intestines. Option D, 'To transport oxygen,' is incorrect as the lungs and circulatory system are responsible for oxygen transport, not the kidneys.

5. What are the tiny blood vessels that transport blood from arteries to veins within the body?

• A. Arterioles
• B. Capillaries
• C. Venules
• D. Veins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that connect arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins). They enable the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues. Arterioles are small arteries that carry blood away from the heart, while venules are small veins that carry blood towards the heart. Veins are larger blood vessels that transport blood back to the heart. Therefore, capillaries specifically serve as the vessels responsible for the exchange of substances between the blood and body tissues.

Similar Questions