Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

• A. Vaccination
• B. Health education
• C. Screening for hypertension
• D. Rehabilitation therapy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of diseases. Screening for hypertension falls under secondary prevention as it aims to identify the condition early, allowing for timely management and prevention of complications.

2. What is the primary method of transmission for tuberculosis?

• A. Vector-borne
• B. Airborne
• C. Waterborne
• D. Fecal-oral

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Airborne.' Tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the air via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This allows the bacteria to be inhaled by others and infect their lungs. It is important to implement infection control measures to prevent the spread of tuberculosis in healthcare settings and the community.

3. What law mandates the reporting of cases of notifiable diseases by healthcare professionals?

• A. Act 3573
• B. RA 3753
• C. RA 1054
• D. RA 1082

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Act 3573, also known as the Law on Reporting of Communicable Diseases, enacted in 1929, mandates healthcare professionals to report cases of notifiable diseases listed in the law to the nearest health station. This law aims to facilitate early detection, prompt response, and control of communicable diseases to protect public health.

4. Which of the following practices can help reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child?

• A. Exclusive breastfeeding
• B. Administering antiretroviral therapy
• C. Using unsterilized medical equipment
• D. Avoiding prenatal care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering antiretroviral therapy to HIV-positive mothers is a crucial practice to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy helps lower the viral load in the mother's body, decreasing the chance of passing the virus to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding, using unsterilized medical equipment, and avoiding prenatal care do not directly contribute to reducing HIV transmission from mother to child.

5. In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation?

• A. Establishing the epidemic
• B. Testing the hypothesis
• C. Formulation of the hypothesis
• D. Appraisal of facts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the investigation of an epidemic, establishing the epidemic involves comparing the current frequency of the disease with the typical frequency for that time of year in the community. This comparison helps determine whether an epidemic is occurring by assessing if the number of cases exceeds the expected baseline, as well as establishing the link between the cases of the disease.

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