Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a weak acid?

• A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• B. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
• C. Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
• D. Nitric acid (HNO3)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Acetic acid (CH3COOH) because it is a weak acid that only partially dissociates in water, resulting in a lower concentration of H+ ions compared to strong acids like hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3) which completely dissociate in water. Weak acids do not fully ionize in water, leading to a lower concentration of H+ ions in solution. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid are strong acids that completely dissociate in water, producing a higher concentration of H+ ions. Therefore, they are not examples of weak acids.

2. The tonsils and adenoids are part of the lymphatic system located in the:

• A. Chest cavity
• B. Abdominal cavity
• C. Head and neck region
• D. Pelvic cavity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The tonsils and adenoids are lymphatic tissues located in the head and neck region, specifically in the throat area. They are essential components of the immune system, acting as the first line of defense against infections that can enter through the nose and mouth. The tonsils are situated at the back of the throat, while the adenoids are positioned high in the throat behind the nose. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not correspond to the anatomical location of the tonsils and adenoids. Therefore, the correct answer is the head and neck region.

3. How does friction affect motion?

• A. Friction increases speed
• B. Friction decreases speed
• C. Friction has no impact on speed
• D. Friction causes objects to float

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Friction is a force that opposes motion when two surfaces are in contact. It acts in the opposite direction to the direction of motion, causing objects to slow down or come to a stop. Therefore, friction decreases speed rather than increasing it. Choice A is incorrect as friction does not increase speed but rather hinders it. Choice C is incorrect because friction does have an impact on speed by slowing down objects. Choice D is incorrect as friction's effect is not making objects float but rather causing resistance to motion.

4. Water is capable of dissolving many substances that organisms need to carry out life functions. Which of the properties of water listed below is responsible for its ability to dissolve important nutrients like ionic salt compounds?

• A. adhesion
• B. cohesion
• C. high specific heat
• D. high polarity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The property of water that is responsible for its ability to dissolve important nutrients like ionic salt compounds is its high polarity. Water is a polar molecule with a positive and negative end, which allows it to attract and surround individual ions from salt compounds, causing them to dissociate and dissolve in water. This property makes water an excellent solvent for various substances necessary for life functions. Adhesion refers to the ability of water molecules to stick to other substances, cohesion is the attraction between water molecules themselves, and high specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of water. While these properties are important characteristics of water, they are not directly responsible for its ability to dissolve ionic salt compounds.

5. Which enzyme plays a crucial role in DNA replication during the S phase of interphase?

• A. Helicase
• B. DNA polymerase
• C. Ligase
• D. Topoisomerase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During the S phase of interphase, DNA replication takes place. DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides in a complementary manner to the template strand. It plays a pivotal role in accurately replicating the entire genome. While helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA for replication, topoisomerase relieves the tension in the DNA strands, and ligase joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. However, DNA polymerase directly participates in the synthesis of new DNA strands during replication, making it the correct answer.

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