which of the following is an essential nutrient required for the prevention of neural tube defects
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1. Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Folic acid is a crucial nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy. It plays a vital role in the development of the neural tube in the fetus, reducing the risk of defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume adequate amounts of folic acid, either through diet or supplements, to support a healthy pregnancy and prevent these serious birth defects.

2. Which of the following individuals should be considered as special targets for family planning?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Individuals who have had a delivery within the past 15 months should be considered special targets for family planning because the ideal birth spacing is at least two years. By waiting two years (15 months post-delivery + 9 months of pregnancy), the individual can give their body enough time to recover and reduce potential health risks associated with closely spaced pregnancies.

3. A woman, 6 months pregnant, came to the center for consultation. Which of the following substances is contraindicated?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Retinol 200,000 IU, which is a form of megadose Vitamin A, is contraindicated in pregnancy as it may have teratogenic effects, potentially harming the developing fetus. It is important to avoid high doses of Vitamin A during pregnancy to prevent adverse outcomes.

4. Estimate the number of pregnant women who will be given tetanus toxoid during an immunization outreach activity in a barangay with a population of about 1,500.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To estimate the number of pregnant women, multiply the total population by 3.5%.

5. When the occupational health nurse employs ergonomic principles, they are performing which of their roles?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When an occupational health nurse applies ergonomic principles, they are acting as an environment manager. Ergonomics involves optimizing the work environment for efficiency and safety by considering factors like workplace design, equipment, and furniture to enhance worker well-being and productivity. By focusing on ergonomics, the nurse aims to create a workspace that minimizes physical strain, reduces the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, and promotes overall health and comfort for the employees.

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