Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?

• A. Iron
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Calcium
• D. Folic acid

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Folic acid is a crucial nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy. It plays a vital role in the development of the neural tube in the fetus, reducing the risk of defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume adequate amounts of folic acid, either through diet or supplements, to support a healthy pregnancy and prevent these serious birth defects.

2. During a home visit, the PHN bag is a crucial tool for providing nursing care. The most important principle in bag technique states that it:

• A. Should save time and effort
• B. Should minimize, if not totally prevent, the spread of infection
• C. Should not overshadow concern for the patient and their family
• D. May be done in a variety of ways depending on the home situation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The bag technique is a vital practice to prevent the transmission of infections to and from the client during home visits. By following proper bag technique procedures, nurses can minimize, if not entirely prevent, the spread of infections between themselves and their clients, ensuring a safe care environment.

3. Which of the following diseases is targeted for eradication through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

• A. Hepatitis B
• B. Diphtheria
• C. Poliomyelitis
• D. Tuberculosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Poliomyelitis is the correct answer as it is one of the diseases targeted for eradication through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The EPI aims to control and eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases globally, with a specific focus on polio due to its severe consequences and the feasibility of eradication through vaccination campaigns.

4. In a study on the factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart diseases in the municipality, which branch of epidemiology is being practiced?

• A. Descriptive
• B. Analytical
• C. Therapeutic
• D. Evaluation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Analytical epidemiology focuses on studying factors or determinants that affect the patterns of disease occurrence and distribution in a community. In this scenario, the nurse is analyzing various factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart diseases, which aligns with the principles of analytical epidemiology.

5. What is the best reason for administering vitamin A to a postpartum client?

• A. To help strengthen her immune system
• B. To improve her vision
• C. To protect her from infection
• D. To promote wound healing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining the integrity of epithelial tissues, which are the body's first line of defense against pathogens. By supporting the immune system, vitamin A helps protect the postpartum client from infections and promotes overall health.

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