Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following dietary modifications should be recommended to a client with hypertension?

• A. Increase sodium intake.
• B. Reduce potassium intake.
• C. Increase fiber intake.
• D. Reduce calcium intake.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Increasing fiber intake is a beneficial dietary modification for clients with hypertension. Fiber helps in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health by promoting better digestion and regulating cholesterol levels. Therefore, advising a client with hypertension to increase fiber intake can be beneficial for their overall health. In contrast, increasing sodium intake can lead to higher blood pressure, reducing potassium intake is not recommended as potassium helps in regulating blood pressure, and reducing calcium intake is not typically necessary for hypertension management.

2. A healthcare provider is caring for a client who is receiving IV therapy via a peripheral catheter. The healthcare provider should identify that which of the following findings is an indication of infiltration?

• A. Redness at the infusion site
• B. Edema at the infusion site
• C. Warmth at the infusion site
• D. Oozing of blood at the infusion site

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Edema at the infusion site is an indication of infiltration, where fluid leaks into the surrounding tissues causing swelling. This can compromise the delivery of medication and fluids, potentially leading to complications. Redness, warmth, and oozing of blood are more suggestive of inflammation or infection rather than infiltration. Infiltration requires prompt recognition and intervention to prevent further issues with the IV therapy.

3. A healthcare professional is preparing to insert an IV catheter for an older adult client. Which of the following actions should the professional take?

• A. Shave the hair at the insertion site.
• B. Insert the catheter at a 45-degree angle.
• C. Place the client’s arm in a dependent position.
• D. Use a tourniquet to dilate the veins.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Placing the client’s arm in a dependent position is the correct action when preparing to insert an IV catheter in an older adult client. This position helps dilate the veins naturally by using gravity, making it easier to locate and access suitable veins for the IV catheter insertion. By positioning the arm in a dependent position, the healthcare professional can take advantage of gravity to increase venous distention, aiding in successful IV catheter insertion.

4. During postoperative teaching following a hip arthroplasty, which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Avoid lying on your operative side.
• B. Cross your legs at the ankles only.
• C. Place a pillow between your legs when turning.
• D. Avoid bending your hip more than 120 degrees.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include during postoperative teaching following a hip arthroplasty is to 'Place a pillow between your legs when turning.' Placing a pillow between the legs when turning is crucial as it helps prevent dislocation of the hip prosthesis. This position aids in maintaining proper alignment and stability, thereby reducing the risk of complications after hip arthroplasty surgery. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the specific action needed to protect the hip prosthesis and prevent complications.

5. What is the primary purpose of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?

• A. To provide health insurance coverage for all Americans.
• B. To ensure the confidentiality of health information.
• C. To reduce the cost of healthcare.
• D. To increase access to healthcare services.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary purpose of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is to ensure the confidentiality and security of health information. HIPAA establishes national standards to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information. By safeguarding the privacy of health data, HIPAA aims to maintain the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive patient information, preventing unauthorized access and disclosure. This focus on privacy and security helps build trust between patients and healthcare providers, ensuring that personal health information is handled responsibly and ethically.

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