Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following characteristics is part of a person's genotype?

• A. Brown eyes that appear hazel in the sunlight
• B. The CFTR gene, which causes cystic fibrosis
• C. Black hair that grows rapidly
• D. Being a fast runner

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A genotype refers to a person's genetic makeup, which includes specific genes like the CFTR gene responsible for cystic fibrosis. Genes are the units of heredity and are part of an individual's genotype, influencing various traits and characteristics. Choice A, brown eyes that appear hazel in the sunlight, refers to a phenotype, which is the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of genes and the environment. Choice C, black hair that grows rapidly, also describes a phenotype rather than a genotype. Choice D, being a fast runner, is a trait influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but it does not directly relate to a specific gene in the genotype.

2. Which of the following are the abdominal quadrants?

• A. RUQ, RLQ, LLQ, LUQ
• B. RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
• C. LUQ, RUQ, LLQ, RLQ
• D. LLQ, LUQ, RUQ, RLQ

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ. The four abdominal quadrants are named as follows: Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), and Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ). These quadrants are used in healthcare to describe specific areas of the abdomen during assessments and discussions related to abdominal anatomy and pathology. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the standard order of the abdominal quadrants.

3. What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both related to insulin and blood sugar?

• A. Type 1 is caused by insulin resistance, type 2 by insulin deficiency.
• B. Type 1 is temporary, type 2 is permanent.
• C. Type 1 affects adults, type 2 affects children.
• D. Type 1 is treated with diet only, type 2 requires medication.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes lies in their underlying causes. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body's inability to produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body doesn't effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes, distinguishing it from type 1 where insulin deficiency is the primary issue. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes can both be chronic conditions, affecting individuals of different age groups, and typically require a combination of diet, exercise, and medication for management.

4. What is the best tool to measure the volume of a solid?

• A. Triple beam balance
• B. Measuring wheel and mathematical formula
• C. Graduated cylinder
• D. Measuring wheel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A graduated cylinder is the most suitable tool to measure the volume of both liquids and solids. It works by measuring the displacement of water when the solid is submerged in the graduated cylinder. Choice A, the triple beam balance, is used to measure mass, not volume. Choice B, using a measuring wheel and mathematical formula, is typically used to measure distance or area, not volume. Choice D, a measuring wheel, is used to measure distance, making it inappropriate for measuring the volume of a solid.

5. What does half-life refer to?

• A. Radioactive intensity to completely disappear
• B. The number of neutrons in a nucleus to double
• C. The number of protons in a nucleus to change
• D. An isotope to decay by half of its initial quantity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Half-life refers to the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. This means that after one half-life, half of the initial quantity of the radioactive substance will have decayed. Choice A is incorrect because radioactive intensity doesn't completely disappear during half-life. Choice B is incorrect as half-life doesn't refer to the number of neutrons doubling. Choice C is incorrect as half-life doesn't relate to the number of protons changing.

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