Nursing Elites

1. Which muscular pouch in the upper left abdomen stores food after swallowing and begins mechanical and chemical digestion?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stomach. The stomach is the muscular pouch in the upper left abdomen that stores food after swallowing and begins mechanical and chemical digestion. It secretes gastric juices containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid to break down food particles. The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach, while the small intestine and large intestine are primarily involved in the absorption of nutrients and water, respectively. Therefore, the stomach is the organ responsible for the described functions, making it the correct answer in this context.

2. Which part of the cell serves as the control center for all cell activity?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Cell membrane
• C. Cytoplasm
• D. Mitochondria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected question and answer are accurate. The correct answer is A: Nucleus. The nucleus is known as the control center of the cell as it contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and directs all cell activities including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The other organelles listed in the choices, while important for various cellular functions, do not serve as the central control center for overall cell activity.

3. Which of the following is an example of an organ?

• A. Skin
• B. Neuron
• C. Brainstem
• D. DNA

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Skin.' The skin is the largest organ in the human body and consists of multiple tissue types working together to perform various functions such as protection, sensation, and temperature regulation. Choice B, 'Neuron,' is a specialized cell in the nervous system and not an organ. Choice C, 'Brainstem,' is a part of the central nervous system composed of nerve tissues but is not an organ on its own. Choice D, 'DNA,' is a molecule that carries genetic instructions, not an organ.

4. What are the subdivisions of the dorsal cavity, located at the back of the human body?

• A. Cranial and spinal
• B. Dorsal and ventral
• C. Lateral and proximal
• D. Inferior and superior

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cranial and spinal. The dorsal cavity, situated at the back of the human body, is divided into the cranial cavity (housing the brain) and the spinal cavity (housing the spinal cord). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct subdivisions of the dorsal cavity. Option B (Dorsal and ventral) is incorrect as it confuses the dorsal cavity with the dorsal and ventral body planes. Option C (Lateral and proximal) and option D (Inferior and superior) are incorrect as they refer to different anatomical terms that do not apply to the subdivisions of the dorsal cavity.

5. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines, and is responsible for involuntary contractions to propel substances through the organs?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Smooth muscle is the correct answer. It is found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and intestines, where it performs involuntary contractions to move substances through these organs. Cardiac muscle, found in the heart, is responsible for pumping blood. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and involved in voluntary movements. Striated muscle is a term often used interchangeably with skeletal muscle, which is responsible for voluntary movements but not typically found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and intestines.

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