Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels and is produced by the pancreas?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Testosterone
• D. Estrogen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is the correct answer. It is the hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the blood into cells for energy production or storage. Glucagon, also produced by the pancreas, has the opposite effect of increasing blood sugar levels by promoting the release of stored glucose from the liver. Testosterone and estrogen are sex hormones produced by the testes and ovaries, respectively, and are not directly involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

2. Which of the following is a common property of bases?

• A. Conductivity in aqueous solutions
• B. Sour taste
• C. Reactivity with metals to produce hydrogen gas
• D. Turns red litmus paper blue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bases are substances that can accept protons or donate hydroxide ions in a chemical reaction. One common property of bases is that they turn red litmus paper blue. This is a classic test to distinguish between acids (which turn blue litmus paper red) and bases. Conductivity in aqueous solutions (Option A) is a property of both acids and bases, but not unique to bases alone. Sour taste (Option B) is a property commonly associated with acids, not bases. Reactivity with metals to produce hydrogen gas (Option C) is a property of acids, particularly strong acids, but not bases.

3. What is the fatty sheath that insulates some nerve fibers and speeds up signal transmission called?

• A. Myelin sheath
• B. Dura mater
• C. Pia mater
• D. Arachnoid mater

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that surrounds and insulates some nerve fibers, facilitating the rapid transmission of signals along the nerve fibers. Choices B, C, and D (Dura mater, Pia mater, and Arachnoid mater) are layers of the meninges, protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The primary function of the meninges is to protect and support the central nervous system, not to insulate nerve fibers for signal transmission.

4. What is the process by which damaged muscle tissue repairs and rebuilds itself?

• A. Degeneration
• B. Regeneration
• C. Hyperplasia
• D. Metaplasia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Regeneration is the correct answer. It is the process by which damaged muscle tissue repairs and rebuilds itself. New muscle cells are formed during regeneration to replace the damaged ones, allowing the muscle to heal and regain its function. Degeneration refers to tissue breakdown, hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, and metaplasia is the transformation of one type of tissue into another.

5. Which of the following is the antiparticle of a neutron?

• A. Antineutrino
• B. Positron
• C. Antiproton
• D. Electron

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The antiparticle of a neutron is an antineutron, which is composed of an antiproton and an antineutrino. The antineutrino (choice A) is not the antiparticle of a neutron. A positron (choice B) is the antiparticle of an electron, not a neutron. An electron (choice D) is a fundamental particle, not an antiparticle. Therefore, the correct answer is an antiproton (choice C), as it forms an antineutron when combined with an antineutrino.

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