Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress?

• A. Insulin
• B. Cortisol
• C. Adrenaline
• D. Glucagon

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Adrenaline is the correct answer. It is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress to prepare the body for the 'fight or flight' response. Adrenaline increases heart rate, dilates airways, and mobilizes energy stores to help the body deal with the perceived threat. Insulin (Choice A) is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, not in response to stress. Cortisol (Choice B) is another hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress, but it primarily helps regulate metabolism and immune response. Glucagon (Choice D) is also produced by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels when they are low, not by the adrenal glands in response to stress.

2. Which element is used in insulin and promotes glucose uptake into cells for energy production?

• A. Zinc
• B. Chromium
• C. Manganese
• D. Iron

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chromium is the correct answer. Chromium is the element used in insulin that aids in its function by enhancing glucose uptake into cells and regulating blood sugar levels. It plays a crucial role in the body's energy production processes by facilitating the action of insulin. Zinc (Choice A), although important for various physiological functions, is not the element used in insulin. Manganese (Choice C) is necessary for enzyme activation but is not directly involved in insulin's function. Iron (Choice D) is essential for oxygen transport but is not the element used in insulin for promoting glucose uptake into cells.

3. Which of the following functions is not controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

• A. Digestion
• B. Walking
• C. Heartbeat
• D. Temperature regulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Walking. Walking is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Walking is a voluntary action governed by the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement. The autonomic nervous system, on the other hand, regulates functions that are involuntary, such as digestion, heartbeat, and temperature regulation. Choices A, C, and D are all functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Digestion involves processes like peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes, heartbeat is regulated by the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure and circulation, and temperature regulation includes responses like sweating or shivering to maintain body temperature within a narrow range.

4. What is the term for the reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt?

• A. Combustion
• B. Neutralization
• C. Oxidation
• D. Decomposition

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Neutralization is the correct term for the reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt. During neutralization, the hydrogen ions from the acid react with the hydroxide ions from the base to form water, and the remaining ions combine to form a salt. Combustion involves a reaction with oxygen, oxidation is the loss of electrons, and decomposition is the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. These processes do not accurately describe the reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt.

5. When is work done by a force on an object?

• A. Only when the object moves in the direction of the force
• B. Only when the object moves against the force
• C. Only when the object moves vertically
• D. Only when the force is applied for a specific duration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Work is done by a force on an object when the object moves in the direction of the force. This is because work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the distance over which the force is applied. When the object moves in the direction of the force, the force contributes to the displacement of the object, resulting in work being done. If the object moves perpendicular to the force, no work is done because the force does not contribute to the displacement. Moving against the force also results in work being done as the force is causing the displacement. The vertical movement of the object does not determine whether work is done; it is the alignment of the force with the object's displacement that matters. The duration of force application does not impact whether work is done; as long as the force causes the object to move in its direction, work is being done.

Similar Questions