Nursing Elites

1. Which component of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements, such as the contraction of skeletal muscles?

• A. Autonomic nervous system
• B. Peripheral nervous system
• C. Somatic nervous system
• D. Sympathetic nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements, such as the contraction of skeletal muscles. This system consists of motor neurons that send signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles, allowing for conscious control over movement. The autonomic nervous system (A) controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion, the peripheral nervous system (B) includes all nerves outside the central nervous system, and the sympathetic nervous system (D) is a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the fight-or-flight response. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically regulate voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, which is a function of the somatic nervous system.

2. Which type of muscle is characterized by voluntary control and is responsible for body movement?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is characterized by voluntary control, meaning it is under conscious control. It is responsible for body movement, such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and found in the heart, while smooth muscle is also involuntary and found in organs like the intestines. Connective tissue is not a type of muscle but rather a type of tissue that provides support and structure in the body.

3. What is the relationship between mass and weight on Earth's surface?

• A. Mass and weight are equal
• B. Mass is greater than weight
• C. Weight is greater than mass
• D. Mass and weight are not related

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weight is greater than mass. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force of gravity acting on that object. On Earth's surface, weight is greater than mass because gravity pulls objects towards the center of the Earth, resulting in a force that we perceive as weight. Choice A is incorrect because mass and weight are not equal; weight is a force, while mass is a measure of the amount of matter. Choice B is incorrect because mass is not greater than weight; weight is the force exerted due to gravity. Choice D is incorrect as mass and weight are related; weight is dependent on mass and the gravitational force acting on the object.

4. Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelium?

• A. Stratified squamous
• B. Simple cuboidal
• C. Stratified columnar
• D. Pseudostratified columnar

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Pseudostratified columnar. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is not a type of epithelium. It is a specialized form of simple columnar epithelium. Stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, and stratified columnar are all types of epithelial tissues found in the human body. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the skin, mouth, and esophagus; simple cuboidal epithelium lines kidney tubules and glands; stratified columnar epithelium is present in parts of the respiratory tract and male urethra.

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of alkenes?

• A. They have a double bond between carbon atoms.
• B. They are saturated hydrocarbons.
• C. They contain only single bonds.
• D. They are derivatives of ammonia.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. This double bond is a key characteristic that distinguishes alkenes from other types of hydrocarbons. Option A correctly identifies this defining feature of alkenes, making it the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons due to the presence of double bonds. Choice C is incorrect as alkenes do not contain only single bonds; they have at least one double bond. Choice D is incorrect because alkenes are not derivatives of ammonia; they are a distinct class of organic compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds.

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