Nursing Elites

1. Which action directly resulted from the contribution made by Linda Richards?

• A. Using an antiseptic before administering an injection
• B. Exploring the psychosocial needs of the patient
• C. Documenting patient care in the medical record
• D. Listening to a patient describe his or her symptoms

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Documenting patient care in the medical record. Linda Richards' contribution was developing a system for recording patient details and care, leading to modern medical records. This innovation directly resulted in the practice of documenting patient care in medical records, ensuring accurate and organized patient information for effective healthcare delivery. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly stem from Richards' specific contribution related to medical records.

2. On what are most nursing paradigms based?

• A. The nurse's ability to perform procedures with skill
• B. Dr. Jean Watson's transpersonal caring theory
• C. Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs
• D. Learning by studying nursing theories and clinical experiences

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Most nursing paradigms are founded on the understanding and application of nursing theories through studying them and gaining practical experiences in clinical settings. While the nurse's ability to perform procedures with skill is important, it is not the foundation of nursing paradigms. Dr. Jean Watson's transpersonal caring theory and Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs are significant in nursing practice but do not serve as the basis for most nursing paradigms. Nursing paradigms are shaped by a combination of studying nursing theories and hands-on clinical experiences, which provide the foundational knowledge and practical skills needed for nursing practice.

3. A healthcare professional is reviewing the plan of care for a client following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following procedural plans is the healthcare professional following?

• A. patient classification categories
• B. diagnostic related groups
• C. Care map / clinical practice guideline
• D. functional nursing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A care map or clinical practice guideline is a standardized plan of care that outlines the recommended interventions and treatments for patients with a specific condition. In this scenario, following a total hip arthroplasty, healthcare professionals typically refer to a care map or clinical practice guideline to ensure the patient receives appropriate care based on evidence-based practices and standards. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect in this context. Patient classification categories refer to grouping patients based on care needs, diagnostic related groups are used for billing purposes, and functional nursing is a care delivery system that assigns specific tasks to nursing personnel.

4. If a nurse accepts the role of charge nurse on the evening shift, what effect will unionization have on the nurse's new position?

• A. The nurse can file a grievance that will be arbitrated automatically by the Union
• B. Charge nurse is part of the management team, so Union participation would be a conflict of interest
• C. The nurse is not eligible for collective bargaining activities dealing with unfair labor practices
• D. The nurse can be represented by the union because charge nurses are not considered part of the management team

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Choosing answer B is correct because charge nurses are typically considered part of the management team. As part of the management team, the charge nurse has decision-making responsibilities that align with the interests of the organization. Therefore, participating in a union would create a conflict of interest. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Option A is incorrect because union arbitration is not typically applicable to management positions. Option C is incorrect because charge nurses, as part of the management team, would not be eligible for collective bargaining activities like frontline staff. Option D is incorrect because charge nurses, due to their managerial responsibilities, are generally not represented by unions for collective bargaining purposes.

5. The healthcare provider responds to an alarm on a pulse oximeter and sees that the patient's oxygen saturation is reading 38%. The provider observes the patient, noting a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, pink mucous membranes, and easy regular respirations. The healthcare provider concludes that the pulse oximeter is not reading accurately. Whose theory of healthcare is this provider demonstrating?

• A. Annie Goodrich
• B. Lillian D. Wald
• C. Florence Nightingale
• D. Linda Richards

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Florence Nightingale emphasized the importance of assessing the patient's overall condition and not solely relying on technological readings. In this scenario, the healthcare provider's observation of the patient's respiratory rate, mucous membranes, and breathing pattern aligns with Nightingale's holistic approach to patient care. Annie Goodrich is known for her contributions to nursing education; Lillian D. Wald is associated with public health nursing and social reform; Linda Richards is recognized as America's first trained nurse. However, in this context, the emphasis is on the holistic patient assessment, which is a key principle of Florence Nightingale's theory.

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