Nursing Elites

1. Where is the scapula in relation to the olecranon?

• A. Distal
• B. Lateral
• C. Ventral
• D. Superior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Superior.' The scapula is located superior to the olecranon. In anatomical terms, 'superior' refers to a position above or higher than a reference point. 'Distal' is a term used to describe a position farther away from the point of attachment or origin. 'Lateral' refers to a position further away from the midline of the body. 'Ventral' refers to the front or anterior side of the body. In this case, the scapula being superior to the olecranon means it is positioned above the olecranon bone.

2. What is the term for a microorganism that lives on or in the human body and normally causes no disease or harm?

• A. Bacteria
• B. Commensal Microorganism
• C. Microorganism
• D. Host

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct term for a microorganism that lives on or in the human body without causing harm is a commensal microorganism. Commensal microorganisms coexist with the host without causing disease or harm. Choice A, 'Bacteria,' is too broad as not all bacteria are harmless in the body. Choice C, 'Microorganism,' is a general term and does not specifically refer to the harmless nature of the organism. Choice D, 'Host,' refers to the organism harboring the microorganism, not the microorganism itself.

3. What is the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation?

• A. Inspiratory capacity
• B. Tidal volume
• C. Total lung capacity
• D. Vital capacity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Total lung capacity is the correct term for the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation. It represents the sum of all lung volumes, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Inspiratory capacity refers to the maximum volume of air inspired from the end-expiratory level. Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, not the total volume the lungs can hold.

4. As a water wave approaches a shallow beach, what happens to its speed, wavelength, and frequency?

• A. Speed increases, wavelength decreases, frequency increases.
• B. Speed decreases, wavelength decreases, frequency remains the same.
• C. Speed increases, wavelength increases, frequency decreases.
• D. Speed, wavelength, and frequency remain the same.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: As a water wave approaches a shallow beach, the speed of the wave decreases due to the change in medium from deep to shallow water. According to the wave equation (speed = frequency x wavelength), if the speed decreases and the frequency remains the same, the wavelength must also decrease to maintain the equation balanced. This phenomenon occurs due to the wavefronts being slowed down by the shallower water, causing the wavelength to decrease while the frequency remains constant. Choice A is incorrect as the speed of the wave decreases in shallow water. Choice C is incorrect because the speed increases in deep water, not in shallow water. Choice D is incorrect as all the wave characteristics change when moving from deep to shallow water.

5. Which of the following minerals is important for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Calcium (Choice C). Calcium is essential for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system. Bones act as a reservoir for calcium, playing a critical role in maintaining bone strength and density. Iron, sodium, and magnesium are important for various bodily functions but are not primarily stored in bones for bone health. Iron is crucial for oxygen transport, sodium helps regulate fluid balance, and magnesium is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body.

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