where does mrna translation typically occur

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS Science Questions

1. Where does mRNA translation typically occur?

A. On the ribosome
B. In the nucleus
C. In the cytoplasm
D. On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: mRNA translation typically occurs on the ribosome. Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. They read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain during translation. The correct answer is A. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. The nucleus is where mRNA is transcribed from DNA, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein processing and transport but not in mRNA translation.

2. What cellular process ensures the accurate transmission of genetic material during cell division?

A. Mitosis (somatic cell division)
B. Meiosis (germ cell division)
C. Replication (DNA duplication)
D. Transcription (DNA to RNA conversion)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct answer. Mitosis is the process by which somatic cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells. During mitosis, the genetic material is accurately replicated and distributed to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. This process is crucial for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the type of cell division that occurs in germ cells to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells), focusing on genetic diversity through recombination and reduction of chromosome number. Replication is the process of copying DNA to produce an identical copy, essential for cell division but not the specific process ensuring accurate genetic material transmission. Transcription involves copying DNA into RNA, crucial for gene expression but not directly related to the accurate transmission of genetic material during cell division.

3. When making a dilution, what do you do?

A. Add more solvent to a concentrated solution
B. Change the temperature of the solution
C. Decrease the concentration of a solution
D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When making a dilution, you decrease the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent to a concentrated solution. This process does not involve changing the temperature of the solution, so option B is incorrect. Option A is also incorrect because you are not adding more solute to the solution during dilution. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Decrease the concentration of a solution. Options A and B are incorrect as dilution involves adding more solvent, not solute, and does not require changing the temperature of the solution.

4. An object is initially at rest. Which of the following will definitely NOT cause it to move?

A. A constant force acting on it
B. No force acting on it
C. A force that increases in magnitude over time
D. A force that decreases in magnitude over time

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because if an object is initially at rest and no force is acting on it, it will remain at rest due to Newton's First Law of Motion. This law states that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force. Choices A, C, and D all involve forces acting on the object, which would cause it to move according to Newton's laws of motion. Choice A, a constant force acting on the object, would cause it to move at a constant velocity. Choice C, a force that increases in magnitude over time, would accelerate the object. Choice D, a force that decreases in magnitude over time, would decelerate the object.

5. What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A. To transport nutrients
B. To transport oxygen
C. To fight infection
D. To produce antibodies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport oxygen. Red blood cells play a crucial role in carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues and organs in the body. This oxygen transport is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used in the production of energy. Red blood cells do not primarily transport nutrients, fight infection, or produce antibodies. Choice A is incorrect because while red blood cells do carry some nutrients, their primary function is to transport oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because immune cells, not red blood cells, are responsible for fighting infections. Choice D is incorrect as antibody production is mainly carried out by specialized white blood cells, not red blood cells.