what type of bond connects amino acids
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ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS 7 Science

1. What type of bond connects amino acids to form proteins?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Peptide'. Peptide bonds are the specific type of bond that connects amino acids together to form proteins. These bonds form through a condensation reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid, creating a covalent bond. While covalent bonds are involved in the formation of peptide bonds, the direct bond connecting amino acids in proteins is the peptide bond. Ionic bonds involve the attraction between charged particles, and hydrogen bonds are weaker bonds compared to covalent and peptide bonds, playing a different role in protein structure.

2. Which of the following is NOT a component of the genitourinary system?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The rectum is part of the digestive system, not the genitourinary system. The genitourinary system comprises organs involved in reproduction and urine formation and excretion, such as the kidneys, urethra, and bladder. Choices A, B, and D are all components of the genitourinary system. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine, the urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body, and the bladder stores urine before it is excreted.

3. What is the term for a solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An unsaturated solution is the term used for a solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution. In an unsaturated solution, more solute could still be dissolved. The other options are incorrect. A saturated solution (A) contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved and is in equilibrium with undissolved solute. A dilute solution (C) has a low concentration of solute, but it does not imply a comparison to another solution. A concentrated solution (D) has a high concentration of solute compared to the solvent, which is opposite to what is described in the question.

4. Which of the following describes the general function of cytokines in the immune system?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'They communicate between cells to instigate an immune response.' Cytokines are signaling molecules that act as messengers between cells in the immune system, playing a vital role in coordinating and regulating immune responses. They communicate with various immune cells to initiate appropriate responses against pathogens. Choice B is incorrect because cytokines do not inhibit blood clotting but rather regulate immune responses. Choice C is incorrect as cytokines do not bind to specific pathogens to increase their mass; instead, they regulate the immune response. Choice D is also incorrect because cytokines do not transport pathogens trapped in mucus to the stomach for destruction; they primarily function as signaling molecules within the immune system.

5. What is the largest bone in the human body?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The femur, also known as the thigh bone, holds the title of the largest bone in the human body. Situated in the upper leg, the femur plays a vital role in supporting the body's weight and enabling movement. While the tibia (shin bone), humerus (upper arm bone), and scapula (shoulder blade) are all essential bones, none of them match the femur in terms of size and importance. The tibia, humerus, and scapula are comparatively smaller bones with specific functions in their respective areas of the body, but they do not surpass the femur in size or significance.

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