Nursing Elites

1. Which three parts make up the large intestine?

• A. Duodenum, ileum, jejunum
• B. Cecum, colon, rectum
• C. Ileum, jejunum, rectum
• D. Colon, cecum, ileum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cecum, colon, rectum. The large intestine is composed of the cecum, colon, and rectum. These parts are responsible for water absorption and feces formation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A contains parts of the small intestine (duodenum, ileum, jejunum), C has a mix of small and large intestine parts, and D includes the small intestine part ileum. Understanding the correct anatomy of the large intestine is essential for distinguishing it from the small intestine.

2. Identify the correct sequence of the 3 primary body planes as numbered 1, 2, and 3 in the above image.

• A. Plane 1 is coronal, plane 2 is sagittal, and plane 3 is transverse.
• B. Plane 1 is sagittal, plane 2 is coronal, and plane 3 is medial.
• C. Plane 1 is coronal, plane 2 is sagittal, and plane 3 is medial.
• D. Plane 1 is sagittal, plane 2 is coronal, and plane 3 is transverse.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the standard anatomical position, plane 1 (coronal/frontal plane) divides the body into anterior and posterior portions, plane 2 (sagittal plane) divides the body into left and right portions, and plane 3 (transverse/horizontal plane) divides the body into superior and inferior portions. Therefore, the correct sequence is Plane 1 as coronal, Plane 2 as sagittal, and Plane 3 as transverse, which corresponds to Choice A. Choice B is incorrect as it misidentifies the planes. Plane 2 cannot be coronal as it specifically divides the body into left and right portions. Choice C is incorrect as it misidentifies Plane 2 as sagittal when it should be coronal. Choice D is incorrect as it incorrectly designates Plane 2 as coronal when it should be sagittal, leading to an inaccurate sequence of the primary body planes.

3. What is the name of the growth plates in children's bones where new bone tissue is formed?

• A. Epiphyses
• B. Diaphysis
• C. Periosteum
• D. Medullary cavity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epiphyses. Epiphyses are cartilaginous areas found at the ends of long bones, enabling growth and bone lengthening during childhood and adolescence. The diaphysis refers to the main shaft of a long bone. The periosteum is the outer bone layer responsible for nourishment and aiding in bone repair. The medullary cavity is the central cavity within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow but is not involved in new bone tissue formation.

4. Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelium?

• A. Stratified squamous
• B. Simple cuboidal
• C. Stratified columnar
• D. Pseudostratified columnar

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Pseudostratified columnar. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is not a type of epithelium. It is a specialized form of simple columnar epithelium. Stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, and stratified columnar are all types of epithelial tissues found in the human body. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the skin, mouth, and esophagus; simple cuboidal epithelium lines kidney tubules and glands; stratified columnar epithelium is present in parts of the respiratory tract and male urethra.

5. Which statement is true about the pH of a solution?

• A. A solution cannot have a pH less than 0.
• B. A solution always has a pH of 7.
• C. A solution's pH is not influenced by its chemical composition.
• D. A solution with a pH of 14 is considered acidic.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic, 7 neutral, and 14 the most basic. A solution with a pH less than 0 would be outside the defined pH range, as 0 is the lower limit. Therefore, a solution cannot have a pH less than 0. Choice B is incorrect because a pH of 7 is considered neutral, not always the pH of a solution. Choice C is incorrect because a solution's pH is influenced by its chemical composition. Choice D is incorrect as a solution with a pH of 14 is considered highly basic, not acidic.

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