what three parts make up the large intestine

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS Science Practice Test

1. Which three parts make up the large intestine?

A. Duodenum, ileum, jejunum
B. Cecum, colon, rectum
C. Ileum, jejunum, rectum
D. Colon, cecum, ileum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cecum, colon, rectum. The large intestine is composed of the cecum, colon, and rectum. These parts are responsible for water absorption and feces formation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A contains parts of the small intestine (duodenum, ileum, jejunum), C has a mix of small and large intestine parts, and D includes the small intestine part ileum. Understanding the correct anatomy of the large intestine is essential for distinguishing it from the small intestine.

2. Which of the following is the carbohydrate monomer?

A. Disaccharide
B. Lactose
C. Monosaccharide
D. Thymine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit. They are considered the carbohydrate monomers from which larger carbohydrates like disaccharides (composed of two sugar units) and polysaccharides (containing multiple sugar units) are built. Choices A and B, Disaccharide and Lactose, are not monomers but rather specific types of carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar units. Choice D, Thymine, is a nitrogenous base present in DNA and RNA, not a carbohydrate monomer.

3. What is the primary function of hair on the human body?

A. Insulation
B. Sensory perception
C. Protection
D. Vitamin D synthesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of hair on the human body is protection. Hair acts as a barrier to protect the skin from external factors such as sunlight, dust, and other environmental elements. While hair can also provide some insulation by trapping heat near the body and contribute to sensory perception by detecting touch or movements, its main role is to safeguard the skin from potential harm, making protection the most essential function. Vitamin D synthesis is primarily related to the skin's exposure to sunlight and is not a direct function of hair.

4. Differentiate between epithelial and connective tissue.

A. Epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue supports tendons.
B. Both are composed of cells, but epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue binds other tissues.
C. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and connective tissue supports muscle contraction.
D. Epithelial tissue is the largest tissue type, while connective tissue is the smallest.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines organs, while connective tissue provides support and structure throughout the body. Both are composed of cells, but their functions and locations differ. Epithelial tissue acts as a barrier to protect underlying tissues and organs, while connective tissue connects, supports, and separates different types of tissues and organs in the body. Choice A is incorrect as connective tissue supports and binds other tissues, not just tendons. Choice C is incorrect because connective tissue does not support muscle contraction; it provides support to various structures in the body. Choice D is incorrect as the size of a tissue type does not define its function; epithelial tissue and connective tissue serve different purposes in the body.

5. What term describes the functional unit of a skeletal muscle responsible for muscle contraction?

A. Myofibril
B. Sarcomere
C. Tendon
D. Myoglobin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Sarcomere.' The sarcomere is indeed the functional unit of a skeletal muscle responsible for muscle contraction. It is composed of actin and myosin filaments that interact to generate muscle contraction. Choice A, 'Myofibril,' is incorrect as myofibrils are composed of sarcomeres, not the functional units themselves. Choice C, 'Tendon,' is incorrect as tendons connect muscles to bones and do not directly participate in muscle contraction. Choice D, 'Myoglobin,' is incorrect as myoglobin is a protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells and is not directly involved in muscle contraction.