Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for a hydrocarbon chain with no double or triple bonds between carbon atoms?

• A. Saturated
• B. Unsaturated
• C. Aromatic
• D. Alkene

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A saturated hydrocarbon chain contains only single bonds between carbon atoms, making it 'saturated' with hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A, 'Saturated.' Choice B, 'Unsaturated,' is incorrect because it refers to hydrocarbon chains with double or triple bonds. Choice C, 'Aromatic,' is not the correct term for a hydrocarbon chain without double or triple bonds; it describes a specific type of cyclic and conjugated hydrocarbon structure. Choice D, 'Alkene,' is also incorrect as it specifically indicates a hydrocarbon chain with at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

2. Which phenomenon describes the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another with differing densities?

• A. Reflection
• B. Refraction
• C. Diffraction
• D. Dispersion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Refraction is the phenomenon that describes the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another with differing densities. This bending occurs due to the change in speed of light as it moves from one medium to another, causing the light rays to change direction. Reflection refers to the bouncing back of light when it hits a surface, diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles, and dispersion is the separation of light into its different colors. Therefore, in the context of light moving through different media, refraction accurately describes the observed bending phenomenon.

3. Connective tissue provides support and connects other tissues. What is the main component that gives connective tissue its strength?

• A. Collagen fibers
• B. Epithelial cells
• C. Nerve cells
• D. Blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Collagen fibers are the main component that gives connective tissue its strength. Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides structural support and tensile strength to connective tissues, allowing them to withstand stretching and tension. Epithelial cells, nerve cells, and blood cells are not the main components responsible for the strength of connective tissue. Epithelial cells are specialized for covering and lining surfaces, nerve cells transmit signals, and blood cells are involved in various functions like oxygen transport and immune response, but they do not provide the structural strength typical of collagen fibers in connective tissue.

4. What is the scientific term for the windpipe, a tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi?

• A. Pharynx
• B. Trachea
• C. Epiglottis
• D. Bronchiole

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The trachea is the correct scientific term for the windpipe, a tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi. It is an essential part of the respiratory system, enabling the passage of air to and from the lungs. The pharynx is the region behind the mouth and nasal cavity, acting as a passageway for air and food. The epiglottis is a cartilage flap that shields the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway. Bronchioles are smaller airways that branch off from the bronchi within the lungs, further dividing and distributing air within the lungs.

5. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for proper absorption?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach, for proper absorption in the small intestine. Intrinsic factor binds to vitamin B12 and facilitates its absorption in the ileum. Deficiency in intrinsic factor can lead to pernicious anemia, a condition characterized by a lack of vitamin B12 absorption. Options A, B, and C are incorrect. Vitamin A is absorbed in the small intestine with the help of bile salts; Vitamin C is absorbed in the small intestine via active transport; Vitamin D is absorbed in the small intestine through a process involving bile salts and micelles. It is essential for students to understand this relationship as it highlights the importance of intrinsic factor in the absorption of specific vitamins and the consequences of its deficiency.

Similar Questions