Nursing Elites

1. What is the oxidation state of carbon in CH4?

• A. +1
• B. -1
• C. +2
• D. -4

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In CH4 (methane), carbon is bonded to four hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1. Since the overall charge of CH4 is 0, the oxidation state of carbon must be -4 to balance the charges. Each hydrogen contributes an oxidation state of +1, resulting in a total of +4 from hydrogen atoms. To achieve a total oxidation state of 0 for the molecule, carbon must have an oxidation state of -4 to offset the contribution from hydrogen. Therefore, the correct answer is -4. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: +1 is the oxidation state of hydrogen, -1 is not the oxidation state of carbon in methane, and +2 is not the correct oxidation state of carbon in CH4.

2. What is the role of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels?

• A. To produce insulin only
• B. To produce both insulin and glucagon
• C. To store glucose
• D. To produce adrenaline

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by producing both insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas produces both insulin and glucagon. Choice C is incorrect because the pancreas does not store glucose; instead, it regulates glucose levels. Choice D is incorrect because adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is not directly involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

3. Which property of a substance refers to the force exerted on an object due to gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Weight.' Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. Mass, on the other hand, refers to the amount of matter in an object. Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, and volume is the amount of space occupied by an object. In this context, weight specifically relates to the gravitational force acting on an object, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

4. What is the relationship between mass and weight on Earth's surface?

• A. Mass and weight are equal
• B. Mass is greater than weight
• C. Weight is greater than mass
• D. Mass and weight are not related

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weight is greater than mass. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force of gravity acting on that object. On Earth's surface, weight is greater than mass because gravity pulls objects towards the center of the Earth, resulting in a force that we perceive as weight. Choice A is incorrect because mass and weight are not equal; weight is a force, while mass is a measure of the amount of matter. Choice B is incorrect because mass is not greater than weight; weight is the force exerted due to gravity. Choice D is incorrect as mass and weight are related; weight is dependent on mass and the gravitational force acting on the object.

5. Which of the following lists of joint types is in the correct order for increasing amounts of permitted motion (least mobile to most mobile)?

• A. Hinge, condyloid, saddle
• B. Saddle, hinge, condyloid
• C. Saddle, condyloid, hinge
• D. Hinge, saddle, condyloid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of joint types, from least mobile to most mobile, is hinge, condyloid, saddle. A hinge joint allows movement in one plane (like a door hinge), a condyloid joint allows movement in two planes but not rotation (like the wrist), and a saddle joint allows movement in multiple directions (like the thumb). Choice A, 'Hinge, condyloid, saddle,' is the correct sequence as it accurately represents the order of increasing permitted motion in joints. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct order of joint types from least mobile to most mobile as required by the question.

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