Nursing Elites

1. What is the basic unit of heredity?

• A. Chromosome
• B. Cell
• C. Gene
• D. Organ

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A gene is the basic unit of heredity that carries the instructions for making proteins, which determine an organism's traits. Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes within the cell. While chromosomes contain many genes, a gene itself is the fundamental unit of heredity responsible for passing on genetic information from one generation to the next. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms, but genes specifically carry genetic information. Organs are composed of tissues and serve specific functions within an organism, but they are not the basic unit of heredity.

2. Which of the following biological macromolecules is non-soluble, composed of hydrocarbons, and acts as an important source of energy storage for the body?

• A. carbohydrates
• B. nucleic acids
• C. lipids
• D. proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lipids are non-soluble biological macromolecules composed mostly of hydrocarbons such as fatty acids. They act as an essential source of energy storage for the body, providing efficient storage of energy in the form of fats. Carbohydrates are also an energy source for the body, but lipids excel in long-term energy storage. Nucleic acids are not known for energy storage; instead, they are involved in genetic information transmission and protein synthesis. Proteins play diverse roles in the body, such as enzymatic functions, structural support, and immune response, but they are not primarily known as a source of energy storage.

3. Which property of a wave is responsible for determining its energy?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Wavelength
• C. Frequency
• D. Velocity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Frequency. The energy of a wave is determined by its frequency, not its amplitude, wavelength, or velocity. According to the equation E = h*f, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency, the energy of a wave is directly proportional to its frequency. Higher frequency waves carry more energy, while lower frequency waves carry less energy. Therefore, frequency plays a crucial role in determining the energy content of a wave, making it the correct choice in this context.

4. Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?

• A. The common cold
• B. Influenza (the flu)
• C. Malaria
• D. HIV/AIDS

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Influenza is an example of a zoonotic disease as it can be transmitted from animals such as birds and pigs to humans. The common cold (option A) is caused by human rhinoviruses and is not considered a zoonotic disease. Malaria (option C) is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is not considered a zoonotic disease. HIV/AIDS (option D) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and is not considered a zoonotic disease.

5. What term describes the phenomenon of two waves canceling each other out when they meet?

• A. Refraction
• B. Diffraction
• C. Destructive interference
• D. Constructive interference

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Destructive interference is the term used to describe the phenomenon when two waves meet and their amplitudes are such that they cancel each other out, resulting in a wave with a smaller amplitude or no wave at all. This cancellation effect occurs due to the waves being out of phase. This is in contrast to constructive interference, where two waves combine to produce a wave with a larger amplitude. Refraction is the bending of waves as they pass through different mediums, such as light passing through glass, while diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings. In this case, the concept described in the question specifically aligns with destructive interference, making it the correct answer.

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