Nursing Elites

1. What is the appropriate intervention for fluid overload?

• A. Restrict fluid intake
• B. Administer diuretics
• C. Monitor vital signs
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The appropriate intervention for fluid overload involves a combination of measures, including restricting fluid intake to prevent further fluid accumulation, administering diuretics to help the body eliminate excess fluids, and closely monitoring vital signs to assess the patient's response to treatment. Therefore, all of the above options are correct. Restricting fluid intake alone may not be sufficient to address existing fluid overload without additional measures like diuretic therapy. Monitoring vital signs is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions and the patient's overall condition.

2. How should a healthcare provider assess and manage a patient with anemia?

• A. Monitor hemoglobin levels and provide iron supplements
• B. Administer B12 injections
• C. Monitor for signs of infection and administer folic acid
• D. Administer oxygen therapy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Question: To assess and manage a patient with anemia, monitoring hemoglobin levels and providing iron supplements are crucial. Anemia is commonly caused by iron deficiency, making iron supplementation a cornerstone of treatment. B12 injections (Choice B) are more relevant for treating megaloblastic anemia, not the typical iron-deficiency anemia. Monitoring for signs of infection and administering folic acid (Choice C) are important in specific types of anemia like megaloblastic anemia, but not the first-line approach for anemia management. Administering oxygen therapy (Choice D) is not the primary intervention for anemia unless severe hypoxemia is present, which is not typically seen in anemia.

3. During an initial assessment of a client, a nurse notices a discrepancy between the client's current IV infusion and the information received during the shift report. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Complete an incident report and place it in the client's medical record.
• B. Compare the current infusion with the prescription in the client's medication record.
• C. Contact the charge nurse to see if the prescription was changed.
• D. Submit a written warning for the nurse involved in the incident.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when noticing a discrepancy between the client's current IV infusion and the information received during the shift report is to compare the current infusion with the prescription in the client's medication record. This step is crucial to ensure the accuracy of the prescribed treatment and to prevent any potential harm to the client. Option A is incorrect because completing an incident report should only be done after verifying the discrepancy. Option C is incorrect as contacting the charge nurse should come after confirming the details. Option D is incorrect as submitting a written warning is not appropriate without verifying the information first.

4. A client is being taught about prescribed asthma medications. Which of the following medications should the client use for treatment of an acute asthma attack?

• A. Beclomethasone
• B. Salmeterol
• C. Albuterol
• D. Montelukast

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Albuterol is the correct choice for treating acute asthma attacks because it is a short-acting bronchodilator that provides quick relief by relaxing the muscles in the airways. Beclomethasone (choice A) and Salmeterol (choice B) are long-acting medications used for controlling and preventing asthma symptoms but are not for immediate relief during an acute attack. Montelukast (choice D) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for asthma maintenance therapy and not for acute asthma attacks.

5. A nurse is collecting data from a newly-admitted infant who is 3 months old and has diarrhea. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

• A. Weight gain
• B. Poor appetite
• C. Irritability
• D. Decreased urination

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Irritability in infants can indicate worsening dehydration, which needs to be reported. Weight gain (Choice A) would be a positive finding, indicating adequate fluid intake. Poor appetite (Choice B) is common with diarrhea but not as concerning as irritability. Decreased urination (Choice D) can also be a sign of dehydration, but irritability is more specific to worsening dehydration in this case.

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