Nursing Elites

1. Which historical figure is honored for working to improve care for the mentally ill?

• A. Clara Barton
• B. Florence Nightingale
• C. Dorothea Dix
• D. Lillian D. Wald

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dorothea Dix is the correct answer. She is recognized for her significant contributions in advocating for the improvement of care for the mentally ill. Dorothea Dix played a crucial role in transforming the way individuals with mental illnesses were treated, advocating for better living conditions and appropriate care. Her efforts led to improved standards and treatment practices for the mentally ill. Clara Barton is known for her role in founding the American Red Cross, Florence Nightingale is renowned as a pioneer in modern nursing, and Lillian D. Wald is recognized for her work in public health and social reform, but they are not specifically honored for their work in improving care for the mentally ill.

2. The educator is teaching a group about paradigm thinking and defines it as what?

• A. One's mathematical knowledge and ability to solve math problems
• B. The ability to see 20 feet away without wearing glasses
• C. An individual's perception or frame of reference about the world
• D. A healthcare provider's ability to solve patient-care problems

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Paradigm thinking refers to an individual's perception or frame of reference about the world. It involves understanding how one sees and interprets the world around them, which can influence their beliefs, decisions, and actions. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe paradigm thinking. Paradigm thinking is not solely related to mathematical knowledge, eyesight, or healthcare problem-solving skills.

3. In an underdeveloped country, the nurse observes the natives lighting ritual fires and pounding on primitive drums around the sick person to promote recovery. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating the natives believe illness results from which items?

• A. Pathogens and genetics
• B. Evil spirits
• C. Tides and planets
• D. Plants and animals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The behavior of lighting fires and pounding on drums to promote recovery suggests a belief in evil spirits causing illness. In many cultures, rituals like these are performed to ward off evil spirits or negative energies that are thought to be the cause of sickness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the described behavior aligns more with spiritual or supernatural beliefs rather than scientific explanations related to pathogens, genetics, tides, planets, plants, or animals.

4. The healthcare provider responds to an alarm on a pulse oximeter and sees that the patient's oxygen saturation is reading 38%. The provider observes the patient, noting a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, pink mucous membranes, and easy regular respirations. The healthcare provider concludes that the pulse oximeter is not reading accurately. Whose theory of healthcare is this provider demonstrating?

• A. Annie Goodrich
• B. Lillian D. Wald
• C. Florence Nightingale
• D. Linda Richards

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Florence Nightingale emphasized the importance of assessing the patient's overall condition and not solely relying on technological readings. In this scenario, the healthcare provider's observation of the patient's respiratory rate, mucous membranes, and breathing pattern aligns with Nightingale's holistic approach to patient care. Annie Goodrich is known for her contributions to nursing education; Lillian D. Wald is associated with public health nursing and social reform; Linda Richards is recognized as America's first trained nurse. However, in this context, the emphasis is on the holistic patient assessment, which is a key principle of Florence Nightingale's theory.

5. When demonstrating therapeutic use of self, which nursing intervention is the nurse performing?

• A. Sitting with a dying patient
• B. Attending class
• C. Studying for a test
• D. Learning the nursing code of ethics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sitting with a dying patient. Therapeutic use of self in nursing involves the nurse's ability to establish a caring and compassionate relationship with patients. Sitting with a dying patient allows the nurse to provide emotional support, physical presence, and comfort, demonstrating the use of self in a therapeutic manner. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly involve the nurse's interaction with a patient in a therapeutic manner.

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